4372866
Description
Flashcards by Brandon Lambert, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Brandon Lambert
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and cognitive processes of humans AND animals |
| Wilhelm Wundt | German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology |
| Structuralism | a school of thought that sought to identify the components (structure) of the mind (the mind was the key element to psychology at this point) |
| Introspection | process of "looking inward" and examining one's self and one's own actions in order to gain insight |
| William James | a psychologist and philosopher, and was recognized for writing the Principles of Psychology, which is considered to be a monumental work in the history of psychology. |
| Functionalism | the psychological school of thought that followed Structuralism and moved away from focusing on the structure of the mind to a concern with how the conscious is related to behavior |
| Psychoanalysis | Therapy concentrates on bringing forward repressed unconscious thoughts Developed by Sigmund Freud |
| Gestalt Psychology | Psychological perspective that emphasizes that the mind tends to perceive unified wholes and patterns rather than the bits and pieces that make up those wholes and patterns |
| Phrenology | Founded by Francis Gall, Psychologists believed that behavioral characteristics of humans could be described by measuring the bumps on their heads |
| Behaviorism | "Objective Scene" that psychology should be a science based on observable (and only observable) events, not the unconscious or conscious mind |
| John Wastson | Often called the "Father of Behaviorism" , which emphasizes objective and observable data such as people's behavior and reactions COnducted the "Little Albert" experiment |
| "Little Albert" exp. (JBW) | a case study showing empirical evidence of classical conditioning in humans |
| Ivan Pavlov and Classical COnditioning | Classical Conditioning from Ivan studying dogs, which would salivate at the mere sight of food. This idea was closely related to conditioned response. |
| B. F. Skinner "Rat Enthusiast"i | best known for developing the theory of Operant Conditioning, which uses reinforcers or consequences to change behavior, which he found by experimenting with animals, specifically rats. |
| Humanistic Pschology | Emphasizes the human capacity for choice and growth "Hierarchy of Needs" |
| Abraham Maslow | "Father of Humanistic Psychology" Hierarchy of Needs - Humans have certain needs that must be fulfilled for healthy living |
| Carl B. Rogers | One of the most influential psychologists of modern times Conditions of worth was a huge idea for Rogers, and it closely related to his idea of "Unconditional Positive Regard" |
| Nature vs. Nurture | It's really hard to decide whether a person's development is predisposed in his DNA, or a majority of it is influenced by this life experiences and his environment. As of now, we know that both nature and nurture play important roles in human development, but there is no proof that one may play a larger part than the other. |
| Basic Research vs. Applied Research | Study and research that is meant to increase our scientific knowledge base vs. Scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems |
| Clinical Psychology | The branch of psychology involving assessment and treatment of people with psychological disorders |
| Psychiatrist | A psychiatrist has a medical degree (as opposed to a PhD) and can prescribe medications |
| Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychologist | Studies behavior in the workplace and the marketplace Can make communication, productivity, and profits a lot better |
| Human Factors Psychology | The division of psychology that studies how the human mind and body interacts with its tools and environment |
| Biopsychology Psychology | Field of study that examines the relationships between biology and psychology, and how they influence behavior and cognition. Ex: Brain processing what you see |
| Evolutionary Psychology | An approach to psychology, in which knowledge and principles from evolutionary biology are put to use in research on the structure of the human mind |
| Cognitive Psychology | Study of how the higher mental processes (language, perception, memory, attention, thinking, problem solving, etc.) develop and are used. |
| Sociocultural Psychology | Awareness of circumstances surrounding individuals and how their behaviors are affected specifically by their surrounding, social and cultural factors |
| Trephination | Surgical procedure in which a circular part of the skull is carved away leaving a hole in the skull |
| “Tabula Rasa” | Term taken from Latin that literally means a "blank slate" (writing surface) |
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