3.7 Databases

Question	Answer
Tables	a collection of related information
Field	Each Discrete chunk of information in a record. A column for a specific thing ie. First Name)
Record	Information relating to one person, product, or event. A row
Primary Key	A Unique field in a database (for each record that allows it to be differentiated among other records (ID of a row)
Compound Primary Key	Two + primary keys used together to make identification more simple
Flat File Database	A Table of Information tat is not connected to another table. Many duplicates in this style of databases make it commonly very inefficient
Relational Database	A program that allows different tables to be linked together which reduces unnecessary repetition of data
DBMS	[Database Management System] a single program or a system of programs that can manipulate (store, modify, and extract )data in a large collection of files.
Queries	A system that allows us to retrieve or edit information in a database. Standard Language for making queries is SQL (Standard Query language)
Macros	A symbol, name, or key that represents a list of commands, actions, or keystrokes, in other words, macros allows the users to enter a single keystroke and be able to perform a whole series of action/functions
Boolean Operators	a type of logic (using AND, OR, NOT operators, for example) used by search engines to find information on the Internet and in electronic databases.
Data Redundancy	Data that is repeated without intent. Compromises 1) data integrity - The more it is listed, more prone to error 2) Wasted Space
Dirty Data	data with errors
Data matching	Matching Related record in a database. record/ data linkage
Data Mining	Discovery and Extraction go predictive information from large databases. Sorting through data to establish partners and relationships
Mail merge	Merging Information in a database and a word processor
Entry Form	essentially paperwork filled out with information about an individual that will be uploaded to a database. Client level entry form for collecting information
Reports	Ordered list of selected records and fields in an easy-to-read format. Displays information from a database in an easily understandable format
Simple Primary Key	A unique number that separates each record for easy identification. It is made up of one field only. It is a special relational database table column to identify all table records. A field that can identify each record
Foreign Key	Links tables together in a relational database
Referential Integrity	A feature associated with relational database management systems that prevents inconsistent data being entered into the database through the use of primary and foreign keys.
Concurrency	The property in which two or more computing processes are executing at the same time.
Transcription Errors	errors caused by misreading or misspelling data.
Transposition Errors	caused by having data in the wrong order
Validation	automatic computer check that makes sure that data entered is sensible and reasonable : 1) Range checks -this checks if the data inputted is within a certain range of characters given. 2) Presence check-this makes sure that some sort of data has been submitted, this does not check if it is correct though, this check is usually pared with other checks. Valid for the category
Ascending	to arrange text or numbers in orders such as A-Z, Smallest to Largest, or Earliest to the Latest,
Data Security	protection of databases from unauthorized access
Verification	ensures that data entered into a database exactly matches its original source
SQL	(Standard Query Language) standardized and commonly accepted language used for defining, querying, and manipulating a relational database.
OlTP	(Online Transaction Processing) A class of systems that supports or facilitates high transaction-oriented applications. The primary system features are immediate client feedback and high individual transaction volume. Commonly used in EHR
Table Relations	We relate records via foreign keys, but some foreign keys can be related to multiple records. Table relations define this attribute
One-to-One	Basically, a primary key acts as a foreign key in another table once. So if we have a "Husband" table and a "Wife" table, each table with a foreign key referring to a record in the other, one Husband will be referring to one Wife, and vice
One-to many	When a primary key is preferred to by multiple foreign keys. For example, an author could have more than one book, so a "Book" table can have many books referring to one author. The image serves as an example.
Many-to-Many	When multiple records in a table refers to multiple records in another. For example, we can have a "Class 1" table and "Class 2" table containing records of students, with a foreign key called "Best friend". Any student can refer to any other student as their best friend, so the relationship is many to many.
Length Check	validation technique which consists of the system checking if the entry has only a certain amount of letters or numbers. (i.e. password character minimum)
Data Types	validation technique in which the system checks if the data entered is the data type they want and need.

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