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| Question | Answer |
| Creation of the German Confederation | Congress of Vienna, 1815 |
| States within the German Confederation | 39 states of varying size. Prussia and Austria are the most powerful. |
| Zollverein | Customs union, removed custom fees in trade between member states (including Prussia, but not Austria) |
| Effects of the Zollverein (2) | 1) Boost in Prussian economy 2) A sense of unity between member states |
| Junkers | Prussian noble family, land owners |
| Otto von Bismarck | In power: 1862 – 1871, 1871 – 1890 Prussian politician of Junker background. Appointed Minister President of Prussia by Wilhelm I |
| Realpolitik | Pragmatist way doing of politics. Outcome > ideology/principle |
| Bismarck's way of leadership (4) | 1) Realpolitik 2) Blood and iron 3) Wars = necessary, but messy/chaotic 4) Manipulated situations to his advantage |
| Bismarck's goals | Did not seek out to unify Germany, primarily wanted what he deemed best for Prussia |
| Bismarck's "ideology" | Mostly pragmatic. Conservative, but willing to adjust to please the liberals. |
| Unification Wars (3) | The Danish War (1863) Austro-Prussian War (1866) Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) |
| Consequences of the Danish War (2) | 1) Convention of Gastein 2) Gave Bismarck the image of him wanting the best for the whole of Germany. Rise in popularity among German nationalists. |
| Convention of Gastein | The convention which gave Schleswig to Prussia, and Holstein to Austria |
| Consequences of the Austro-Prussian War (3) | 1) Eliminated Austria as a "threat" to Prussian power. 2) Treaty of Prague 3) Creation of the North German Confederation (1867) |
| Treaty of Prague | By the Treaty of Prague, Prussia annexed Hanover, Schleswig-Holstein, Hessen-Kassel, Nassau and Frankfurt. |
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