Education Key Words

Question	Answer
Cultural Deprivation	theory that working class and black children lack the 'right' culture needed for educational success
Material Deprivation	A lack of basic necessities such as a healthy diet, home, clothes & money (poverty)
Cultural Capital	the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities that the middle class transmit to their children. Boerdeieu argues that the possession of a cultural capital influences educational success.
Internal Factors	factors within schools and the educational system e.g. inequalities within school & interactions between pupils and students
External Factors	Factors outside education e.g. influences from the family & wider society
Restricted Code	working class speech; has limited vocabulary & based on the use of short, grammatically simple sentences. It is context bound, assuming that the listener shares similar experiences
Elaborated Code	used by middle-class; based on longer more complex sentences. It is context free.
Fatalism	Belief that 'whatever will be, will be' and you cant do anything to change your status
Collectivism	valuing being a part of a team more than succeeding on their own. Contrasts middle-class views that groups hold you back.
Present-time Orientation	seeing the present as more important that the future so they don't have long term goals.
Immediate gratification	seeking pleasure now, rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future
Labelling	attaching a definition or meaning to a group. Often stereotypical, made by a teacher and can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy	a prediction about a group/individual becomes true simply because it has been made. It works by changing the individuals self-image to bring in line with the expectations that others have of them
Pupil Subculture	a group of pupils who share similar values and behavioural patterns, often emerge in response to labelling
Differentation	process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability, attitude & behaviour
Polarisation	the process in which students respond to streaming by moving to two opposite poles e.g. "anti-school" or "pro-school" subcultures
ingratiation	being 'teachers pet'
ritualism	going through the motions of staying out of trouble
reetreatism	daydreaming and mucking about
rebellion	outright rejection of everything that school stands for
Funding Formula	gives the school the same amount of money of funds for each pupil
Exam League Table	rank each school according to exam performance, making no allowance for the ability of its pupils
Competition	created among schools to attract pupils
Cream-Skimming	selecting higher ability students that cost less to teach and get better results
Silt-shifting	off-loading pupils with learning difficulties, who are expensive to teach and get poor results

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	Created by RachelBean over 10 years ago