462026
Description
Flashcards by Morgan Morgan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Morgan Morgan
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Characteristics of the nervous system? | Irritability - responds to stimuli. Conduction - transmits action potentials over a long distance. Integration - can analyse and interpret information. |
| 2 parts of the nervous system? | Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system |
| Nervous tissue contains ......and .......cells. | Neurons and glial |
| A neuron contains a | cell body dendrites axon (nerve fibre) |
| Central nervous system operates the ......and...... | brain and spinal cord. |
| The peripheral nervous system consists of | nerves leading to and from the central nervous system. |
| Two types of nerve axon? | Sensory or afferent Motor or efferent |
| The axons responsible for transmitting action potentials from body parts (periphery) to the CNS are called? | Sensory or afferent |
| The axons responsible for transmitting action potentials from the CNS to body parts (periphery)? | Motor or efferent |
| Types of sensory information analysed by the brain? | Sight Taste Smell Limb position Blood gas levels Sound Blood pressure |
| Not all skin areas have the same number of sensory receptors. The area of skin supplied by a single sensory neuron is called a | receptive field. |
| The ability to localise a particular sensation depends on? | The number of receptors Sensitivity of receptors Size and arrangement of receptive fields. |
| Not all sensations stay constant over a period of time. e.g. touch, smell and temperature. If the sensation is not harmful, the number of action potentials in the sensory nerve decrease with time. This is called | sensory adaptation. |
| To produce.......movement action potentials are sent....the spinal cord from the brain. | voluntary, down |
| Sensory.......transmit AP's from specialised nerve endings to the spinal...... | neurons, cord |
| ....then travel up the spinal cord to the brain for analysis. | APs |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord? | 31 |
| In what order do the regions of the spinal cord occur? | Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral |
| The spinal cord contains a .....core and a .......perimeter. | gray, white |
| The gray matter contains.... | cell bodies of motor neurons ends of sensory fibres interneurons |
| The white matter contains | bundles of nerve axons carrying AP's up and down the spinal cord. |
| Certain kinds of input, in addition to being sent to the brain, can trigger an automatic response from the spinal cord. This is called a | reflex. |
| Examples of reflexes | Sneezing Coughing Blinking Movement of hand away from a burning object. Dilation and constriction of pupil. |
| A reflex is made up of 3 parts? | Input, relay and output. |
| An input is an ? | event that causes reflex. |
| A relay is ? | connections between neurons in the CNS. |
| Output is the | resulting muscle activity. |
| 5 Steps in a stretch reflex? | Stretching stimulates sensory receptor (muscle spindle) Sensory neuron Within integrating center sensory neuron activates motor neuron. Motor neuron. Effector contracts and relieves the stretching. |
| What would be the normal latency of the knee jerk reflex? | 35ms |
| Two major descending or motor pathways exist. These are? | Corticospinal Extra Pyramidal |
| The ...........pathway is important for precise control of movement. | corticospinal |
| The.........pathways are for control of posture and movement of whole limbs. | Extrapyrimidal |
| The ........hand side of the brain controls movements and interprets sensory information from the.....side of the body. | left, right |
| ............. of the nerve axons must occur | crossing over - before sensory information can be identified,e.g. pain/touch. |
| Before sensory information can be identified, e.g pain or touch, ........must be transmitted to the brain. The route followed depends on the type of input. ...neurons are involved and .......over occurs | APs, 3, crossing |
| Two major ascending sensory pathways exist which are? | Dorsal columns and Spinothalamic pathway |
| Dorsal columns deal with what senses? | Touch Vibration Pressure Two point discrimination Proprioception (body position) |
| Spinothalamic pathway deals with which senses? | Pain and temperature (lateral pathway) Light touch and pressure (anterior pathway) |
| Photorecptors respond to? | light |
| Mechanoreceptors respond to? | Touch, pressure and proprioception |
| Thermoreceptors respond to ? | Hot and cold |
| Nociceptors respond to ? | pain |
| Chemoreceptors respond to? | levels of Oxygen or carbon dioxide. |
| Cutaneous receptors respond to? | sensation in skin |
| Examples of cutaneous receptors? | Meissner corpuscle Ruffini ending Pacinian corpuscle Free nerve ending Krause corpuscle Hair follicle Merkle's discs |
| Meissner corpuscle is.......adapting. It responds to ..........and.......touch. | rapidly discriminative and light |
| A ruffini ending is enclosed in a ....filled capsule. It responds to ..........touch and is ......adapting. | fluid, continuous, slowly |
| Pacinian corpuscle has ....filled layers. Has an......like structure. Responds to....... and adapts....... | fluid, onion, pressure, rapidly. |
| Free nerve ending has.....ends of dendtrites, senses.....and..........Is......adapting. | bare, pain and temperature. slowly |
| Krause corpuscle - similar to .......corpuscles........adapting. | meissner, rapidly |
| Hair follicle - dendrites wrapped around hair. Senses movement in.......Adapts....... | hair.rapidly |
| Merkle's discs are .........disk like epithelial cells. Respond to .......touch. Are........adapting. | flattened, light, slowly |
| There are....pairs of cervical spinal nerves | 8 |
| There are ......pairs of thoracic spinal nerves. | 12 |
| There are ...pairs of lumbar spinal nerves. | 5 |
| There are ....pairs of sacral spinal nerves. | 5 |
| There is...pair of coccygeal spinal nerves. | 1 |
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