4641968
Description
Flashcards by Tamara Jacob, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tamara Jacob
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is DOMS and what muscle contraction is predominantly affected by it? | Delayed-onset Musucle Soreness -ECCENTRIC contraction |
| Explain the SLIDING-FILAMENT THHEORY (Relaxed state) | -No actin-myosin interaction at binding site -Myosin filaments overlap |
| Sliding-filament theory (Contracted state) | -Myosin pulls actin to sarcomere center -Filaments slide passed each other -SARCOMERES-myofibrils-muscle fibers all shorten |
| Sliding-filament theory cont. | -Myosin detaches from active site -Myosin head rotates back -Myosin attaches to another one *process continues until Z-disk reach myosin filaments* |
| What is the cause of FATIGUE in 10,000m run; 400m run? | 10,000m depletion of intramuscular glycogen 400m increase in H + |
| What is the LACTATE THRESHOLD? | Workload increases = expensive increase in lactate |
| Size-principle & motor neuron relationship | Neurons are recruited by size Type I (smaller) recruited first Type IIa, IIx (larger) recruited second |
| How is lactate produced in high-intensity exercise? | Glyconeogensis Oxidative fuel |
| Isometric contractions occur at ______ velocity of movement | ZERO |
| Tricep and pectoralis major in the DOWN phase of a push-up is what type of contraction? | Eccentric |
| ENDURANCE (type I) muscles have more mitochondria than POWER (type II) | True |
| Examples of Energy systems in a given sport | -running 150m : aerobic -10x 100m sprints, 20 sec rest : lactic -6 sets, 12 reps BP, 2 min rest : ATP -Javelin : ATP 5 sets of tennis in 4 hours : lactic |
| What is Motor Unit Recruitment Frequency of Stimulation? | "Rate Coding" - twitch: smallest contractile response - summation: stimulus in rapid response -tetanus: continued stimulation |
| Motor Unit Recruitment | Smaller fibers = Less force Larger fibers = More force |
| TYPE I Dark Meat Slow-oxidative Slow twitch | -small -more mitochondria -more capillary density -more oxidative enzymes -less developed SR complex -less growth/ less than 300 fibers -more oxygen necessary for ATP -50% in average muscle -peak tension 110ms % -endurance athletes (Soleus muscle) |
| TYPE IIa, IIx White Meat Fast-oxidative glycolytic/ Fast glycolytic Fast twitch | -Larger -Less mitachondria -less capillary density -less oxidative enzymes -more developed SR complex -more growth/ more than 300 fibers -25% in average muscle -power athletes -peak tension 50ms -fatigue quickly |
| Generation of Action Potential | -Motor neurons dendrites (specialized receptors) -Action potential travels down axon to axon -Nerve endings release neurotransmitter (ACH) crosses synaptic deft * binges receptors to plasmalemma -RMR -70mV to +30mV |
| Length-Tension Relationship | Optimal sarcomere length + optimal overlap -too short/ stretched = no / little force |
| Speed-force Relationship | Concentric: maximal force development DECREASE @ higher speeds Eccentric: maximal force INCREASE @ higher speeds |
| Lactate Threshold | Workload increase = expertise increase in lactate |
| Skeletal Muscle Contraction from Organ Molecule | Pec Major - convergent Orbicularis oris - circular Deltoid - multiplennate Sartorius - parallel Biceps brachii - fused form Extensor digits rum longus - unipennate Rectus femoris- bipennate |
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