491936
Description
Flashcards by katiehumphrey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by katiehumphrey
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| coastal landforms | cracks cave arch - Durdle Door stack - Old Harry stump - Old Harry's wife |
| coastal management | sea wall rip rap groynes revetments gabions breakwaters beach replenishment managed retreat |
| waves wear away the coast using four processes of erosion | hydraulic action corrasion attrition corrosion |
| hydraulic action | waves crash against rock and compress air in the cracks putting pressure on rock - repeated compression widens cracks and bits of rock break |
| corrasion | eroded particles in the water scrape against rock, removing small pieces |
| attrition | eroded particles in the water smash into each other and break into smaller fragments |
| corrosion | weak carbonic acid in seawater dissolves rock like chalk and limestone |
| destructive waves erode the coast | they are frequent, high, steep and their backwash is more powerful than their swash meaning material is removed from the beach |
| wind and destructive waves | the force of the wind on the water's surface is what creates waves - strong wind gives large, powerful waves |
| fetch and destructive waves | the distance of water over which the wind has blown to produce a wave - greater fetch gives bigger and more powerful waves |
| cliffs retreat as a result of erosion, weathering and mass movements | mass movements: slides slumps rockfalls |
| coastal weathering | mechanical - freezethaw chemical - rainwater CO2 |
| headlands and bays form where erosion resistance is different |
Image:
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| headlands are eroded to form caves, arches, stacks and stumps |
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| cove | a wide, circular bay with a narrow entrance formed when there's a band of hard rock along a coast with a band of softer rock behind it |
| coast | a zone of interaction between the sea/ocean and the land |
| constructive waves | depositional landform shallow beach profile swash is stronger backwash is weaker |
| longshore drift LSD: the movement of material along the coast by the action of waves |
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| four processes of transportation | traction saltation suspension solution |
| deposition | when material being carried by the sea water is dropped on the coast |
| beaches | formed by deposition/constructive waves/longshore drift |
| sand beaches | flat and wide - sand particles are small and the weal backwash can move them back down the beach, creating a long gentle slope |
| shingle beaches | steep and narrow - shingle particles are large and the weak backwash can't move them back down the beach |
| spits: form at sharp bends in the coast - at river mouth LSD transports material past the bend and deposits it in the sea wind/waves curve end of spit |
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| bar: formed when a spit joins two headlands together cuts off bay from sea lagoon forms behind |
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| examples of coastal landforms | durdle door - arch lulworth cove - cove chesil beach - tombolo swanage bay - bay old harry - stack old harry's wife - stump |
| economic reasons to protect the coast | loss of tourism businesses near cliffs damages agricultural land property prices fall |
| social reasons to protect the coast | deaths water supplies loss of housing loss of jobs damage to infrastructure |
| environmental reasons to protect the coast | ecosystems affected sites of special scientific interest are threatened |
| hard engineering coastal defences | sea wall rip rap groynes revetments gabions breakwaters |
| soft engineering coastal defences | beach replenishment managed retreat |
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