5175951
Description
Flashcards by Kaitlyn Schrauwen , updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kaitlyn Schrauwen
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What are the names of the groups on each end of an amino acid? | |
| What is the process of dehydration synthesis? | Dehydration synthesis is the combination of smaller molecules to make a larger product involving the removal of water. |
| What does the structure of glucose look like? (Monosaccharide) | |
| Why does the polarity of water molecules result in hydrogen bonding? | The polarity of water molecules result in hydrogen bonding since the two hydrogen atoms form single polar covalent bonds with the oxygen atom. Because oxygen is more electronegative, the region around oxygen has a partial negative charge. |
| What is the difference between a solution and a suspension? | solution: all components are completely dissolved suspension: all components remain undissolved |
| What are nucleic acids used for and what forms do they come in? | Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information in the form of DNA and RNA |
| What is PH? | PH is a measure of the amount of free H+ ions in a solution. This can also determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. |
| What is an acid? | acids are any compounds that release H+ions when they dissociate. |
| What is a base? | bases are molecules that release hydroxide (OH-) ions when they dissociate. |
| What does the term Hydrolysis mean? | When larger molecules are broken down into smaller reactants, involving the addition of water. |
| What is the difference between an empirical formula and a molecular formula | Molecular formulas tell you how many atoms of each element are in a compound, and empirical formulas tell you the simplest or most reduced ratio of elements in a compound. |
| Describe the process of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis incorporating monomers and polymers. | Dehydration Synthesis builds polymers together. Hydrolysis breaks down polymers into their component monomers. |
| What is a buffer? | buffers are molecules that prevent drastic changes in pH by picking up or releasing H+ or OH- ions. |
| What does the structure of a lipid generally look like? | 3 Fatty Acids + 1 Glycerol |
| What are three types of fat? | Monoglyceride : 1FA + 1Glycerol Diglyceride: 2FA + 1Glycerol Triglyceride: 3FA + 1Glycerol |
| What is the defining characteristic of Lipids? | They are non-polar and therefore cannot mix with water. |
| What are the 4 groups of biological molecules found in living things? | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins |
| What differences exist between fatty acids in plant tissues and fatty acids in animal tissues? | Fatty acids in plant tissues are saturated and tend to be solid. Fatty acids in animal tissues tend to be unsaturated and liquid. |
| What are Lipids used for ? | Lipids are used for insulation and storage of energy. They are also commonly used in the cell membrane, making up the phospholipid bilayer. |
| What is the difference between starch, glycogen, and cellulose? | Starch is a linear version that spirals to form a helix that sometimes branches out. Glycogen is highly branched in comparison to starch. Cellulose is a linear sequence of glucose molecules. |
| What is a purine? What are some examples of purines? | Purines are double ringed structures; adenine and guanine are purines. |
| What are 6 characteristics of water? | 1. High Heat Capacity 2. Solvent 3. Transparent 4. Dense at 4 degrees 5.Cohesion 6. Lubricant |
| What is the difference in structure between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? | Saturated FA: filled with hydrogen and not double bonded Unsaturated FA: have less hydrogen and have double bonds. |
| What are pyrimidines? What are some examples? | Pyrimidines are small single ringed structures; cytosine and guanine are examples of pyrimidines. |
| What are Van der Waals forces? | Van der Waals forces are the slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. |
| What are carbohydrates used for ? | Carbs are used as a source of energy. Plants and animals use these for structural purposes. |
| What are the 4 levels of proteins? | 1. Primary; linear sequence 2. Secondary; Alpha helix or Beta Pleated Sheet is formed 3. Tertiary; folding of the alpha helix 4. Quarternary; association with other alpha helices |
| What is ATP? | ATP is a high energy molecule that is phosphorylated (added a phosphate) from ADP, which is used as a coenzyme (help enzymes catalyse) |
| What are proteins and what are their functions? | Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together in chains. They aid structurally (ex growing hair, nails etc ) or functionally (ex. enzymes, antibodies etc) |
| What are covalent bonds? | chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons. |
| What are ionic bonds? | chemical bonds that give or receive electrons from other atoms. |
| What are polar covalent bonds | In a polar covalent bond, the electrons shared by the atoms spend a greater amount of time, on the average, closer to the Oxygen nucleus than the Hydrogen nucleus. An example of this is a water molecule. |
| What does the term Amphoteric mean? | A compound that can act as a base or an acid |
| What does the term Amphiprotic mean? | Amphiprotic describes a substance that can both accept and donate a proton or H+ (also acting as a acid or a base) |
| What does the term hydrophilic mean | Hydrophilic means it has the tendency to be mixed with water, or will mix with water. |
| What does the term hydrophobic mean? | Hydrophobic means it has the tendency to repulse water, or will not mix with it. |
| What is ADP? | An organic compound that is composed of an adenosine and two phosphate groups, which undergoes phosphorylation to form ATP. |
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