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Description
Flashcards by selinaward, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by selinaward
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Data is collected using various methods across the different disciplines but all research methods mainly use two types of data numerical (Quantitative) and alphabetical (qualitative) | Researchers use data in different ways but the overall goal of gathering this information is to find the explanations behind the theories, such as why something happened Data needs to be explained and evaluated to find out whether the source is accurate and then to see if the evidence produced is strong enough to base conclusions on |
| Qualitative – Personal memories, letter to newspaper, observations of birthday parties, interviews with mothers, pregnancy and childcare magazines, manuals on childcare,Government reports, survey data, interviews of mothers as research project,Novels, autobiographies, Visual material, paintings, photographs, letters, poetry, religious and philosophical writing | Malinowski’s diary, Mead and Freeman’s published accounts of their anthropological research on Samoa |
| Quantitative Data - Is always in the form of numbers, which aim to represent or count the number of times something happens (event, observation) or to show how much something (people, object) possess specific attributes | UNICEF report shows the averages of child well-being in different societies (p.g.273). Another example, would be the census data in Chapter 2 which showed the frequencies of children in work around the world |
| Quantitative data that has already been generated is often used by researchers that have usually been collected for another purpose (Government, organisations, and commercial companies) | Economic data concerning money (balance sheets, wages slips, company sales, prices, incomes, wealth, valuations or Demographic data concerning geographical areas (death rates, marriages, population, birth rates, illness, migration |
| All types of data will have been collected using a selection process of some kind. In addition the people collecting it such as Government officials, scientists or researchers may also choose to include or exclude certain figures for their own reasons (corruption, personal gain, and organisational aims) | Government scandals including MP’s expenses and how they were not fully recorded previously, hospital statistics have also been questioned |
| Advantages of Qualitative data – Is that it can be analysed in terms of arithmetical figures so researchers can summarise and find patterns in large amounts of information | transferred to produce comparisons, such as the UNICEF figures were used to make comparison between different countries (p.g.278). Numerical data also allows more in depth analysis such as averages, means and medians (p.g. 278) but it can also be used in conjunction with other types of data such as by Bryman (2006) who also used descriptive statistics in his technique |
| Qualitative data is often generated using words as opposed to numbers, but it can also take on a variety of different forms but the two main types of qualitative data could be described as those taken in the field from observation, audio and video recordings, and field notes | – Published letter to Enid Blyton, parenting magazines and books by Palmer and Furedi such published documents are heavily used by Historians (archives etc) Royal commissions sources (diary’s, letters, official documents) Aries analysis of paintings |
| Anthropologists and ethnographers also use field notes as a form of qualitative data | These are often based on observations or interviews and aim to record what the participant has said or experienced in their own words (p.g.287). Margaret Mead used field notes in her study on Samoan teenage girls and field notes are still widely used sources of qualitative data |
| Qualitative data will always need to be written up in a form the researcher can use to analyze therefore this is one key flaw | every detail will be copied exactly and there are other issues such as language barriers or misinterpretations that can happen. In addition video and audio recordings will also have been transcribed which itself is a difficult process and not always possible depending on the environment where the recording took place (background noise, accents etc) |
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