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| Question | Answer |
| Children are given signs to hold during a political demonstration. | Rung 1. Manipulation If children do not understand the issues and their role, then this is manipulation. |
| Children are given T-shirts related to a cause, but have little idea what it it is all about and had no say in the organisation of the event. | Rung 2. Decoration Although adults do not pretend that the cause is inspired by children, they are still using the children to support the cause. |
| Children are invited onto a conference panel and are apparently given a voice, but in fact have little or no choice about the subject or the style of communicating it, and little or no opportunity to formulate their own opinions or discuss the issue with their peers. | Rung 3. Tokenism Although the children are selected by adults it is often implied that they are representing other children. |
| Children are asked to draw their ideal playground, adults then synthesise the results and come up with a 'children's design'. The processes are not transparent to the children. | Rung 1. Manipulation Children are consulted but given no feedback. |
| An adult wants to produce a children's book. Before it is sent to the publishers they ask a group of children what they think. Their views are listen to and respected and alterations are consequently made to the book based on their feedback. | Rung 5. Consulted and Informed Children act as consultations for adults in a project which is run by adults but the children understand the process and their opinions are treated seriously. |
| Children participated as ushers at the UN World Summit for Children. A child was assigned to each of the Presidents and Prime Minsters, taking on both a function and symbolic role. In this role the child became an expert on the UN building and the event, ensuring that the leader was shown to the right place at the right time. | Rung 4. Assigned but informed The children were given a distinct role and were informed about the event, but did not have the opportunity to express their views or opinions. |
| The headteacher has decided they want to produce a school newspaper. A journalist lunch club is created for children interested. The children create, write and produce the paper. But final decisions about content are made with adults. | Rung 6. Adult-initiated, shared decisions with children At this level there is genuine participation, although projects are initiated by adults, the decision-making is shared with the children and young people concerned. |
| Children decide to build a den in the woods. | Rung 7. Child-initiated and directed The children have developed and carried out a complex project in their play without the assistance of an adult. |
| After building the den in the woods, the children approach an adult to discuss how they can reinforce the roof. | Rung 8. Child-initiated, shared decisions with adults The children have approached adults and asked them to become involved in a project they have designed and managed. |
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