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Description
Flashcards by Taila Emes, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Taila Emes
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is systolic pressure? | The higher measurement when the heart beats pushing blood through the arteries |
| What is diastolic pressure? | The lower measurement when the heart rests between beats |
| What is the ideal blood pressure for a 21 year old? | 120/80 |
| What problems does high blood pressure cause? | -Kidney damage - Burst blood vessels - Damage to brain, can cause strokes |
| What problems does low blood pressure cause? | - Sickness - Low energy - Dizziness - Fainting |
| What is the definition of health? | Being free from disease |
| What is the definition of fitness? | The ability to carry out physical activity |
| Name the 6 types of fitness | Cardiovascular efficiency Agility Strength Stamina Flexibility Speed |
| What could INCREASE your blood pressure? | - Being overweight -Stress - High alcohol intake - Smoking |
| What could DECREASE your blood pressure? | - Regular exercise - Balanced diet - Low alcohol intake - Don't smoke |
| What problems does smoking cause? | - Increases blood pressure - Addictive - Blocks your lungs |
| What effect does the carbon monoxide in cigarettes have on you? | The blood carries less oxygen, your heart rate increases to get enough blood to the tissues |
| What effect does the nicotine in cigarettes have on you? | It directly effects your heart rate and makes you more alert |
| What is the process of getting a heart attack? | 1. Fatty deposites build up in the conary arteries 2. A blood clot can form on the fatty deposit 3. Some heart muscle cells don't get the oxygen and nutrients they need 4. The cells die --> you get a heart attack |
| Increasing the risk of heart disease: What things can you control? | - How much alcohol you consume - How often you excerise - If you smoke - Having a balanced diet - High fat and salt intake - Your cholesterol level |
| Increasing the risk of heart disease: What things can't you control? | - Your gender - If you have diabeties - IOf you have it in the family - If you are unable to excersise ( you are paralysed or disabled) - Your age - Family has high cholesterol level |
| Why do we need CARBOHYDRATES? What food is it rich in? Where is it stored? | - For energy - Sugas, pasta, rice, bread, vegetables - Mostly in the liver |
| Why do we need FATS? What food is it rich in? Where is it stored? | - For energy - Fried foods, cheese, nuts (fast food) - Under the skin, around organs |
| Why do we need PROTEINS? What food is it rich in? Where is it stored? | - For growth and repair - Meat, eggs, beans, fish - Not stored |
| Why do we need IRON (mineral)? What food is it rich in? Where is it stored? | - To keep you healthy - Vegetables e.g. carrots, brussel sprouts, potatoes - Not stored |
| Why do we need VITAMIN C? What food is it rich in? Where is it stored? | - To keep you healthy - Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes) - Not stored |
| Why do we need FIBRE? What food is it rich in? Where is it stored? | - To help waste products flow - Breads, starch, cereals, wholemeal - Not stored |
| Why do we need WATER (cells are 70% water)? What food is it rich in? Where is it stored? | - Prevent dehydration - Water - In our cells |
| What are carbohydrates made from? | Carbohydrates are made from simple sugars |
| What are proteins made from? | Proteins are made from amino acids |
| What does a balanced diet for all depend on? | - Age - Gender - Level of physical activity - Religion (different diets) -Being vegetarian - Food allergies - Pregnancy adaptation |
| What is your EAR? How do you calculate it? | - Estimated Average Requirement - EAR in grams = 0.6 x body mass in kg |
| Sue weighs 72.5kg, what is her EAR? | 0.6 x 72.5 = 43.5g |
| What are first class proteins? | Proteins from animals, they contain essential amino acids that cannot be made by the body |
| What are second class proteins? | Proteins from plants |
| What is Kwashiorkor? Where is it most common and why? What effect does it have on the body? | Disease caused by too little protein and is most common in developing countries where they don't have as much money to by protein rich food. It causes head and stomach swelling |
| What is your BMI? How is it calculated? | - Body Mass Index - Mass in kg / (height in m)^2 |
| Sarah is 50kg and 1.6m tall, what is her BMI? | 50/1.6x1.6 First do 1.6x1.6 = x then do 50/x= Answer 50/2.56= 19.53 |
| What is the normal/average BMI between? | Between 18.5 nd 24.9 |
| What is the BMI for being underweight? | Under 18.5 |
| What is the BMI between for being overweight? | Between 25 and 29.9 |
| What is the BMI between for being obese? | Between 30 and 39.9 |
| What is the BMI for being VERY OBESE? | Over 40 |
| Jack is 80kg and is 1.6m tall, what is his BMI? What BMI group is he in? | - 1.6x1.6 = 2.56 80/2.56= 31.25 - Jack is obese |
| What is a pathogen? | An organism that causes diseases |
| What pathogen causes cholera? | Bacteria |
| What pathogen causes influenza? | Virus |
| What disease does fungi cause? | Athletes foot |
| What disease does protozoa cause? | Malaria |
| How do pathogen cause disease? | By damaging cells or producing toxins |
| What does our skin barrier do? | Providea a physical barrier to prevent pathogens getting into our body |
| What does a blood clot do? | Blood clotting prevents entry of pathogens |
| What does mucus do? | Mucus traps pathogens in airways |
| What does stomach acid do? | Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills pathogens |
| Give an example of a non-infectious disease and what it is caused by | Scurvy - vitamin deficiency Anaemia - iron deficiency Colour blindness |
| What is cancer and how does it happen? | It happens when cells begin to divide out of control. They form tumours that can sometimes be fekt as an unusual lump in the body |
| What can increase/decrease the chance of developing certain cancers? Give two examples | - Diet and lifestyle - Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer - Using sunscreen reduces the chance of skin cancer - Eating more fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of bowel cancer |
| What is a benign tumour? | Tumour that aren't cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body |
| What is a malignant tumour? | A tumour that is cancerous and are made up of cells that grow out of control. They invade different tissues and spread to different parts of the body |
| What is an antigen? | An antigen is a molecule on the surface of the bacteria |
| What are white blood cells and what do they do? | - They engulf pathogens and destroy them - They produce antibodies to destroy pathogens - Produce antitoxins that neutralise the toxins released by pathogens |
| Who discovered antibiotics and what do they do? | Alexander Flemming discovered antibiotics, they destroy fungi and bacteria(not viruses) |
| What's the order of events for the white blood cells? | 1. Bacterium entering body has antigen molecules on its surface 2. White blood cells release antibodies 3. Antibodies lock on to antigens 4. Bacteria are clumped together 5. White blood cells surround clumped bacteria and engulf them |
| What is natural immunity? | When antibodies are produced by a person when needed or they are passed on by the mother during pregnancy |
| What is artificial immunity? | A vaccine with dead microbes is injected - the body is tricked into producing antibodies ready for the real thing. This is called PASSIVE IMMUNISATION |
| What is a receptor, what do they do and where are they located? | Receptors are specialised cells, they can detect changes (stimuli) in the environment. Receptors are often located in the sense organs, such as the ear, eye, skin and nose |
| What does the lens in the eye do? | The lens in the eye changes shape to accomodatewhen when you focus on something |
| What the iris and what does it do? | It is pigmented and it decides the colour of your eye |
| What is the retina? | it is the lining of the back of the eye |
| What is the cornea? | The front part of the tough outer coat, the sclera |
| What is the lens? | The transparent flexible disc behind the iris |
| What is the optic nerve? | A bundle of sensory neurones at the back of the eye |
| What is monocular vision? | Can only see an object out of one eye at a time - usually has wide range vision |
| What is binocular vision? | Can see with two eyes and has depth derpecption (see in 3D) |
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