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| Question | Answer |
| FUNCTIONALISM | A sociological theory. Society has certain requirements/needs which must be met if it is to survive. |
| SOCIAL COHESION | Society needs a sense of unity - every individual must have a sense of belonging to society |
| HIDDEN CURRICULUM | Attitudes/behaviour that is taught through the schools/teachers attitudes - not part of the formal curriculum |
| MERITOCRACY | Progress is based on ability and talent, not privilege and wealth. |
| CULTURAL REPRODUCTION | Transmission of existing cultural values and norms from generation to generation. |
| NEOLIBERALISM | The state must not dictate individuals on how to dispose of their property. Based on free market principles. |
| LABELLING | Defining a person in terms of their behaviour |
| SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY | A prediction that comes true simply by the virtue of it having been made. |
| STREAMING | Separating children into different groups, each ability group is then taught separately for all subjects. |
| A-C ECONOMY | A system in which schools focus their time, efforts, and resources on pupils they see as having potential to get 5 C grades and will boost the schools league table position. |
| PUPIL SUBCULTURE | A group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns - often emerge as a response to labelling. |
| DIFFERENTIATION | The process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability/attitude/behaviour |
| POLARISATION | The process in which pupils respond to streaming |
| HABITUS | The attitudes shared by a particular social group. |
| FATALISM | To be resigned to one's fate and seeing little chance of social mobility. |
| DEFERRED GRATIFICATION | The practice of 'putting off' rewards to gain greater ones in the future. |
| IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION | Emphasis on taking rewards at the earliest oppurtunity. |
| LINGUISTIC DEPRIVATION | Inadequacies and limitations in a person's use of language that may undermine their success. |
| MATERIAL DEPRIVATION | An explanation for inequality and disadvantage which focus on lack of material factors. |
| CULTURAL DEPRIVATION | Inadequacies in the socialisation process and the impact these might have on achievement. |
| RESTRICTED CODE | Characterised by limited vocabulary and simple grammar. |
| ELABORATE CODE | Formal, sophisticated grammar and vocabulary. |
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