5455379
Description
Flashcards by hannawin98, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by hannawin98
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is excretion? | The removal of the waste products of metabolism from the body |
| What is the function of the liver? | 1. Break down metabolic waste products into less harmful products |
| What does the hepatic artery do? | Supply the liver with oxygenated blood from the heart |
| What does the hepatic vein do? | Takes deoxygenated blood away from the liver |
| What does the hepatic portal vein do? | Brings blood from the duodenum and ileum (parts of the small intestine), to the Liver, so it can break down ingested and harmful substances. |
| What does the bile duct do? | Takes bile to the gall bladder to be stored |
| What is bile? | A substance produced by the liver to emulsify fats |
| What is deamination? | The process which removes nitrogen-containing amino acids from excess amino acids |
| What does deamination produce? | Ammonia and organic acids |
| What happens to the organic acids? | 1. Respired to give ATP 2. Converted to a carbohydrate and stored as glycogen |
| Why does ammonia enter the ornithine cycle? | It is too toxic to excrete directly |
| What in the ornithine cycle combines with ammonia? | Carbon Dioxide |
| What does this produce? | Citrulline |
| What happens to the Citrulline next? | It is combined with more Ammonia |
| What does ammonia and citrulline produce? | Arginine |
| What combines with Arginine? | Water |
| What does water and Arginine produce? | Urea and ornithine |
| What is detoxification? | The process in which harmful substances, such as alcohol, are broken down into less harmful compounds in order to be excreted |
| What is alcohol broken down into? | Acetic acid |
| What can excess alcohol lead to? | Cirrhosis of the Liver (The cells die and scar tissue blocks the blood flow) |
| What can excess paracetamol lead to? | Liver and Kidney failure |
| What can excess insulin lead to? | A lack of blood glucose |
| What is ultrafiltration? | The filtering of the blood into the Kidneys |
| How does ultrafiltration work? | 1.Blood enters the glmoerulus from the wide afferent arteriole. 2. The narrow efferent arteriole that take blood away causes the glomerulus to be under high pressure 3. This forces small substances like urea out of the blood capillaries. |
| What three layers do filtered substances pass to enter the Bowman's capsule? | 1. Capillary endothelium 2. Basement membrane 3. Podocytes, epithelium of the Renal Capsule |
| What is selective reabsorption? | The reabsorption of useful substances from the kidney nephrons back into the blood |
| What is selectively reabsorbed in the PCT? | 1. Amino acids 2. Glucose 3. Vitamins 4. Salts 5. (Some) Urea |
| How do these get reabsorbed back into the blood? | Active transport (Urea is by diffusion) |
| Where is water reabsorbed? | The Loop of Henle, DCT and the Collecting Duct |
| What do the descending limb and ascending limb form? | A counter-current multiplier mechanism |
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