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Description
Flashcards by Queeny MCAT, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Queeny MCAT
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Ribonucleic acid or ________ is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers, which plays a number of important roles in the processes of translating genetic information from DNA into proteins. | RNA |
| ________ is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. | DNA |
| ________ Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) is a molecule of RNA encoding a chemical blueprint for a protein product. Answer | Messenger |
| Two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds are called a ________ pair. | Base |
| ________s are the parts of RNA and DNA that may be involved in pairing. These include cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, uracil, xanthine and hypoxanthine. | Nitrogenous Bases (Nucleobase) |
| A ________ is a chemical compound that consists of 3 portions: a heterocyclic base, a sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. | Nucleotide |
| ________ is a purine with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, as part of ATP, NAD, and FAD, and protein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA Answer | Adenine |
| ________ triphosphate is a multifunctional nucleotide that is most important as a molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer. | Adenosine |
| ________ is the complex of DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes | Chromatin |
| ________s are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and playing a role in gene regulation. | Histone |
| ________ is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. In base-pairing it binds to cytosine through three hydrogen bonds. | Guanine |
| The pyrimidine ________ base pairs with adenine in RNA and is replaced by thymine in DNA | Uracil |
| ________ is one of the four bases in the nucleic acid of DNA along with adenine, guanine, and cytosine. It always base-pairs with adenine. | Thymine |
| ________ is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. It is a pyrimidine derivative. In Watson-Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine. | Cytosine |
| ________ RNA is a small RNA chain that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. | transfer (tRNA) |
| ________ RNA, a type of RNA synthesized in the nucleolus, is the central component of the ribosome, the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells. | Ribosomal (rRNA) |
| ________ is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. | Purine |
| ________ is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring | Pyrimidine |
| ________ is a nucleoside composed of adenine attached to a ribose moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. | Adenosine |
| ________s are glycosylamines made by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose or deoxyribose ring. | nucleoside |
| ________ is a property of double-stranded nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA as well as DNA:RNA duplexes in which base pairs occur between them characterized by non-covalent connections via hydrogen bonds. | Complementarity |
| ________s are the fundamental repeating subunits of all eukaryotic chromatin. Each is made up of DNA and four pairs of proteins called histones. | Nucleosomesomes |
| ________ is a nucleoside formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond. | Uridine |
| ________ is a nucleoside that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond. | Cytidine |
| Cyclic adenosine ________ (cAMP or cyclic AMP) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes. | Monophosphate |
| ________ in supramolecular chemistry refers to a stacked arrangement of aromatic molecules, which interact through aromatic interactions. | Stacking |
| ________ is deoxyribonucleotide and is considered a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine. | deoxyadenosine |
| ________ is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose ring via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. | Guanosine |
| Adenosine ________, also known as AMP, is the ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. | monophosphate |
| ________s are short sequences of nucleotides (RNA or DNA), typically with twenty or fewer bases. | Oligonucleotide |
| process by which double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid unwinds and separates into single-stranded strands through the breaking of hydrogen bonding between the bases. | Melting, Denaturation |
| If a DNA segment under twist strain were to be closed into a circle by joining its two ends and then it is allowed to move freely, the circular DNA would contort into new shape, such as a simple figure-eight. Such a contortion is called a ________. Answer | Supercoil |
| ________ is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a right-handed double helix fairly similar to the more common and well-known _______ form, but with a shorter more compact helical structure. | A-DNA, B-DNA |
| ________ is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a left-handed double helical structure in which the double helix winds to the left in a zig-zag pattern | Z-DNA |
| Nucleic acid sequences which are rich in guanine are capable of forming four-stranded structures called G-________es (Also known as G-tetrads or G4-DNA). | G-Quadruplex |
| How many hydrogen bonds are between cytosine and guanine | three |
| How many H bonds are between Adenine and Thymine | 2 |
| Which N-bases are the Purines | adenine and guanine |
| Which N-bases are the pyrimidines | cytisine and Thymine (and Uracil for RNA) |
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