Genetics

Question	Answer
Chromosomes	Thread-like structures found in the nucleus. Composed of proteins and DNA. Contain genetic information in the form of genes.
DNA	Nucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar and phosphate as the backbone. Determines the characteristics of most living things.
Genes	Sections of DNA that carry genetic information for specific characteristics.
Phenotype	Observable characteristics of an organism.
Mitosis	Results in daughter cells identical to the parent cells.
Meiosis	Results in daughter cells with only half the identical genetic information as the parent cell.
Mutation	A problem that occurs in the copying stage of a cell.
Asexual reproduction	Involves only one parent and results in two identical offspring.
Sexual reproduction	Involves two parents that mix DNA to produce unique offspring.
Heredity	The passing of traits and characteristics through generations.
Allele	Variants of a gene.
Dominant	Bound to occur if both alleles or just one are dominant.
Recessive	May not show up. Depends on the second allele.
Homozygous	Where both alleles are of the same type.
Heterozygous	When the alleles are of differing types.
Punnet square	A technique used to predict both the phenotype and genotype of an organism.
Sex linked genes	Determine whether an organism is male or female. Eg. XY = Male while XX = Female

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	Created by maddysonj almost 12 years ago