6513389
Description
Flashcards by Simone Norman, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Simone Norman
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| factors contributing to speech disorders | -peripheral anatomic problems -neurophysiological problems -hearing loss -linguistic, cultural, familial factors -intellectual disabilities |
| Articulation disorders | -articulation issues can be random, phonologic have a pattern -functional etiology is easier to fix than organic etiology -> in functional, no specific physical pathology explains it. Probably due to faulty learning. -clinician decision> classify the sound errors on individual sound basis, or by phonetic system principles? |
| Phonological disorder | -misarticulations are understood in terms of rule-based patterns -3 phonological processes: 1. syllable structure (like cluster reduction,) substitution (fronting), assimilation (taking one phoneme at one end of a word and moving it to the other) |
| Place of articulation | arfraag |
| Manner of articulation | afraeg |
| Cerebral Palsy | -congenital nonprogressive neuromotor disorder caused by prenatal, perinatal, and postnasal factors -quadriplegia, diplegia, paraplegia, hemiplegia may occur -types of CP: spastic (stiff & jerky), athetoid (slow writhing movement), ataxic (unbalanced), rigid (simul contractions of all muscle groups), mixed (usually spastic + athetoid) -speech characteristics: articulatory, phonatory, respiratory, resonance, prosody |
| Childhood apraxia of speech | -articulatory motor programming disorder. No brain lesion involved. -speech production skills lag behind lang comprehension and cognition -more difficulty w/ complex sound combos -highly inconsistent sound errors!; difficulty with purposeful movements of the articulators |
| spontaneous speech sample | -look at continuous speech -observing under more natural conditions -minimum 50 utterances -compare errors to st assessment -look at speech rate (average is 125-142 wpm) |
| stimulability | -child's correct or improved imitative production of an erred speech sound following clinician's model -used as basis to provide prognostic info -allows clinician to experiment with several tx techniques to determine which ones are more or less effective |
| Differential Dx of articulation disorder | -difficulty limited to a few sounds, purely phonetic, no obvious pattern, no neuromotor control problems, no structural problems |
| Differential Dx of phonological disorder | -multiple speech sound errors that fall into patterns that can be described as one or more phonological processes -these processes are typically absent in peers -significantly reduced intelligibility |
| Differential dx of dysarthria | -diagnosis of CP, neuromotor control problems, speech errors consistent with CNS & PNS injury -speech: disturbed strength, speed, ROM, tone, accuracy |
| differential dx of hearing impairment and childhood apraxia | -HL: audiologic dx, chronic OM, resonance disorders, prosody, voice quality -childhood apraxia: motor incoordination (groping/searching), no muscle weakness |
| Postassessment counseling | -make a tentative diagnosis -make recs -suggest prognosis -answer FAQs |
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