6623367
Description
Flashcards by Natalie Hillman, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Natalie Hillman
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Suburbanisation= | Outward Growth of Urban Development Engulfs surrounding areas |
| General Processes/Causes of Suburbanisation | Facilitated by growth of public transport systems&increased use of private car+ railway lines = commuting. Internet means more can work from home etc. More space to allow for gardens and public openspaces.Private housing estates grow&edges of city becomes favoured 4 shopping outlets etc |
| General effects of Suburbanisation | Many areas of suburban fringe become woodland parks, cemeteries, golf courses etc. Many Well established housing areas which are highly sought after house prices are high. |
| Specific processes- Suburbanisation in Los Angeles | Transport- Transcontinental Railways =rapid growth- half a million in 40 years Discovery of oil= cheap fuel Ford car plant, film industry Hollywood=a suburb greater affluence gave greater choice of where to live- fastest growth in 60s+70s |
| Suburbanisation in LA- pull factors | Lower price of land=more for money, job opp, transport, new out of town development by gov Correct social mix More space, nature + less pollution Better education for kids so young families move |
| Suburbanisation in LA -Push factors | Hard to get jobs in declining inner city Congestion, poor QOL, low income, low skilled= no go areas of crime Pollution from industry and traffic Worse education Less space - young families especially move |
| Suburbanisation in LA- Impacts | increased commuters (10 million car owners) means congested. 2005 just 10.2% used public transport. Increases air pollution, increase in vehicle hours leading to poor air quality such as smog due to increased pollution. Increases health problems such as asthma. It's smog is the worst in America. |
| Suburbanisation in LA- Impacts | Water- 50% is wasted from evaporation=disputes between neighboring states. Inner city suffered as decline in manufacturing industry. increased rates of unemployment, lack of opportunities. urban sprawl= people no longer need to commute asnew offices have been built in suburbs |
| Suburbanisation in LA- Impacts | Doughnut City- large industries followed people from CBD to greenfield- leaves centre full of migratns, unemployed and criminals and social segregation occurs. white flight occurs |
| Suburbanisation in LA- Management and Planning solutions PLAN= Progressive Los Angeles Network | Proposes to: Increase Urban Parks and Clean up contaminated brownfield sites Urges developers to build affordable housing in residential areas. Clean fuel&green energy. Low fare card allows easy transfers. Improve public transport. Promote safe, walkable/bikeable neighbourhoods |
| Suburbanisation in Mumbia, India LEDC | Grown northwards along major transport routes, from 1972 grown eastwards. Relocation of industry (decentralisation). Squatter settlements developed, building of motorways brought east side development home to wealthier middle class and shanty towns. |
| Solutions to UK housing shortages Pop rose by 9% but household by 18% | Increase number living in homes that already exist- using empty abandoned council homes and providing tax incentive to encourage people to sharehomes Building on brownfield sites Allowing building in rural areas+small towns not previously developed |
| Greenfield site | Agricultural land in green belts, not available unless housing permission. Housing= low density infrastructure costs are high as new sewge, water, gas, electricity supplies are needed. Sites larger |
| Brownfield Site | Derelict sites in urban areas. Often polluted by industrial use, high density to reflect cost of land as it is less desirable. Infrastructure present, sites small |
| Counterurbanisation | The outward movement of people from major urban areas to rural areas |
| Counterurbanisation- London to St Ives, Cambridgeshire Characteristics | Historical town, river Great Ouse. Located 70 miles North of London, pop had 400% increase from 3,800 to 16,400 from 1961 to 2010. 1/4 of working pop commute to London, close to A1 trunk road, near east coast railway line Dormitory settlement |
| Suburbanised village | Village or small town that becomes more urban in its appearance e.g. more housing estates. Ribbon developments along roads, infills land developers fill in gaps and use all areas, original core remains |
| Counterurbanisation- London to St Ives, Cambridgeshire Processes/causes | 1- Housing prices expensive and they want more for their money 2- Housing expensive- rail tickets cost £3,920 money saved 3- Huntington 50 min journey 4- Polluted and unsafe for young children 5- Commuting to London increased during 90s- 25% commute |
| Counterurbanisation- London to St Ives, Cambridgeshire Impacts/ Planning and Management Issues | Aging community= Increased demand for Bungalows/ riverside apartments increased prosperity Working/Youthful Pop- Employed outside town, boom in demand for property= increasing gap between those who can afford rising cost and those on low wages such as farm workers (few builders prepared to provide for demand) |
| Counterurbanisation- London to St Ives, Cambridgeshire Impact of services | Retail- Mismatch for those always lived there no services suitable as many are high end e.g. antique dealers&designer clothes Education- Secondary school- pressure on bus services Housing- less infiltration- increased flood risk as built on floodplain, pressure to keep character of area |
| Counterurbanisation- London to St Ives, Cambridgeshire Planning and Management solutions | New houses- plans were approved in 2010 to build 200 new homes in St Ives, 75 aimed at lower incomes More schools- Expand primary -240 new places. Flood Protection- 1998 and 2003, flood protection works cost 38.8 mil-embankments and flood walls.Transport- £116 million guided busway |
| Counterurbanisation in LEDC's: Cairo Capital of Egypt, Africa's largest city- over 16million inhabitants | Growing rate of 300,000 to 350,000 per year from natural increase and heavy rural to urban migration. Severe shortage of housing&much is substandard quality. Electricity& water supplies erratic, congestion, airpollution. 1969 President Nasser launched plan to create 4 new settlements in Cairo region, some public services poor still only enough water to meet 25% of towns needs, water supply closed off 11pm to 5am a day |
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