6693960
Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is phonetics? | study of the human sound system |
| 3 categories of phonetics | 1.) Articulatory p. 2.) Acoustic p. 3.) Auditory p. |
| Articulatory p. | investigates how speech sounds are articulated/produced |
| Acoustic p. | describes the physical properties of speech sounds themselves |
| Auditory p. | investigated how speech sounds are perceived and processed |
| Spelling vs. pronunciation | In English there is no one-to-one correspondence between orthographic symbols (letters) and sounds |
| <call> | indicated spelling (letters) |
| /kɔl/ | indicates broad/phonemic transcription (phonemes) |
| [khɔ:ɫ] | indicates narrow/phonetic transcription (phones) |
| Articulatory phonetics which body parts most important? | larynx, lungs, vocal tract |
| Articulatory phonetics how is it called when air goes out the lungs? | egressive pulmonic air stream mechanism |
| Articulatory phonetics The larynx (Kehlkopf): | larynx: vocal folds (Stimmbänder) /glottis (Stimmritze) vocal folds are pair of membranes stretched across the larynx |
| Articulatory phonetics Articulators? active/passive | parts of vocal tract which contribute to the sound being created active a.: are movable (eg. tongue, lips) passive a.: are not movable (eg. alveolar ridge, hard palate) |
| Articulatory phonetics What's the difference between consonants and vowels? | consonants are produced by obstruction of the airstream vowels are produced by modulation of the airstream |
| consonants: describing sounds 3 ways of how to describe a sound | 1.) Place of articulation (where is the aistream obstructed?) 2.) Manner of articulation (How the airstream is obstructed) 3.) Voicing (Do the vocal folds vibrate?) |
| Place of articulation (where) (8) | Bilabial, Labio-dental, Dental, Alveolar, Palato-alveolar, Palatal, Velar, Glottal |
| bilabial | the airstream is blocked by the lips /p/, /p/, /m/, /w/ pink mouth b w |
| Labio-dental | airstream blocked by bringing lower lip to upper teeth /f/, /v/ |
| Dental | airstream blocked by tongue coming between teeth (or at back of top teeth) /θ/, /ð/ |
| Alveolar | airstream blocked by raising tongue to the alveolar ridge /s/, /z/ , /t/, /d/, /n/, /l/ |
| Palato-alveolar | airstream blocked by raising tongue to the point between the alveolar ridge and hard palate RP: /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ |
| Palatal | airstream blocked by raising tongue to hard palate /j/ ...yes, yellow |
| Velar | airstream blocked by raising back of tongue to velum /ŋ/ (also: drink) /k/ /g/ |
| Glottal | airstream blocked when the vocal folds are in firm contact /h/ /ʔ/ (littel, butter w/ glottal t) |
| Manner of articulation (how) (5) | -plosives -fricatives -affricates -nasals -approximants |
| plosives | -airstream blocked completely, then released -like mini explosion of air /p/ /b/ /t/ /k/ /g/ /d/ |
| fricatives | -airstream is partially blocked -air is squeezed through, causing friction /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /h/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ |
| affricates | combination of plosive and fricative airstream blocked completely, then released through small channel /tʃ/ /dʒ/ |
| nasals | -oral cavity blocked completely -airstream released through nose /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ (ring, singing, drink) |
| approximants | no complete closure /l/ /w/ /r/ /j/ |
| approximants liquids/glides? | liquids: /l/ + /r/ glides: /w/ + /j/ |
| approximants lateral/central? | lateral: /l/ -> air passes around the side of the tongue central: /r/, /w/, /j/ -> air escapes by flowing over the tongue |
| what happens with the air with lateral approximants | air passes around the side of the tongue |
| what happens with the air with central approximants | air escapes by flowing over the tongue |
| Voicing voiced sounds what happens to the vocal cords? | - vocal cords together -vocal cords vibrate |
| voicing voiceless sounds what happens to the vocal cords? | -vocal cords apart -no vibration; air simply passes through |
| Voicing remember! | All nasals are voiced All approximants are voiced /h/ is voiceless plosives, fricatives and affricates can either be voiced or voiceless |
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