6770588
Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Criteria for describing vowels | 1.) Height of tongue (closeness) 2.) position in mouth/part of tongue (frontness) 3.) position of lips (rounding) 4.) length |
| describing vowels (criterion & posibilities chart) | |
| The vowel quadrangle | |
| Height of the tongue | How close the tongue is to the roof of the mouth (closeness) possibilities: high-mid- • High vowels: [ɪ] [iː] [ʊ] [uː] • Mid vowels: [e] [ɜː] [ə] [ɔː] • Low vowels: [æ] [ʌ] [ɑː] [ɒ] |
| Tongue frontness | How 'front' or 'back' the raised part of the tongue is in the mouth front-central-back • Front vowels: [iː] [ɪ] [e] [æ] • Central vowels: [ɜː] [ə] [ʌ] • Back: [uː] [ʊ] [ɔː] [ɑː] [ɒ] |
| the vowel quadrangle physical properties | |
| Differences in vowel quadrangle between RP and GA | |
| Received Pronunciation | • SouthernBritishaccent • Often used as a model / norm • Notactuallywidelyspoken! Estimated 5% of population (some say 3%, 2%, etc) |
| General American | • Considered ‘neutral’ • Represents the accents closest to the Midwest (i.e. eastern Nebraska, central Iowa, western Illinois) |
| Lip rounding | • No two vowels sounds differ only in lip rounding in English • The vowels [uː], [ʊ] and [ɔː] involve a higher degree of lip rounding • Other sounds are more spread • Test it out: food (rounded) – feed (spread) |
| • Language where lip rounding is an essential criterion: | GERMAN Biene + lip rounding= Bühne Rounding is critical category in German (difference between /i:/ and /y:/) |
| Vowel Length | • Some vowels are longer than others • Compare: fit – feet • <fit> /fɪt/ • <feet> /fi:t/ |
| Monophthongs definition | (simple vowels) • Quality remains (mostly) constant throughout the pronunciation of the sound [ɪ] |
| Diphthongs definition | • Change quality during articulation, i.e. move from one vowel position to another • IPA transcription consists of two vowel symbols to reflect this [ɔɪ] |
| Two types of diphthongs | Closing: Move towards a high vowel position at the end of the diphthong [aɪ] [ɔɪ] [eɪ] [əʊ] / [oʊ] [aʊ] Centering: Move towards a schwa (central vowel) at the end of the diphthong [ɪə] [eə] [ʊə] (Note: RP only!) |
| Remember! Dipththongs | All diphthongs that end in a schwa are centering diphthongs; all the rest are closing diphthongs! All diphthongs in General American are closing diphthongs! |
| Difference between American and British (on a linguistic level) | |
| Vowel Length long vowels? | |
| Differences between British and American English |
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