6915906
Description
Flashcards by Alice Kimpton, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alice Kimpton
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Where is Sarawak? | Sarawak is a state in Malaysia |
| Has Sarawak had economic growth | Sarawak is a state in Malaysia which has experienced rapid economic growth since the 1980s, but this growth has come at an environmental cost |
| What does Sarawak export | Sarawak one of the world’s largest exporters of tropical hardwood. Timber exports rose from 4.2 million m3 in 1971 to 18.8 million m3 in 1990, and the timber industry became very important to the Malaysian economy. |
| What happened in the 1980s an 90s? | Intense logging in the 1980s and 1990s caused large scale deforestation- and estimated 70% of Sarawak’s original forests disappeared. This caused habitat loss and other problems such as soil erosion and flooding. |
| What happened to the economy and environment? | By the 1990s the rate of logging was both economically unsustainable (timber would run out and the industry would collapse) and environmentally unsustainable (the forests were being totally destroyed). |
| What has happened to become more sustainable? | Since the late 1990s the Malaysian government has taken action to improve the sustainability of he industry. They have created forest management plans to control the logging and promote sustainable management, e.g. felling trees in a 25 year cutting cycle which allows the forests to recover. These actions are helping to increase sustainabilty, but illegal deforestation is still continuing. |
| What is Sarawak's main export? | Since 1990s there’s been a rise in commercial agriculture in Sarawak. Palm oil is the main commercial crop- in 2008 it accounted for nearly 6% of Sarawak’s exports. It’s used to make processed food and biodiesel. |
| What does this main export do to the enivronment? | The palm oil industry has numbers of environmental impacts. It causes deforestation because forests are cleared to make room for plantations. Monoculture (growing just one plant) reduces biodiversity and the use of agriculture chemicals and the waste from palm oil causes water and soil pollution. |
| What is happening despite the environmental impacts? | Despite the environmental issues, there is continuing investment in commercial agriculture. There are plans to raise agricultural productivity because the demand for palm oil is rising (for use as a biofuel). This means the palm oil industry could aid economic sustainability, but may continue to harm environmental sustainability. |
| What's been happening since 2000? | Since 2000, there’s been increased investment in manufacturing, construction and his tech industries. E.g. aluminium and steel industries, shipbuilding and marine engineering. |
| What do many of these industries require? | Many of these industries require power. In 2011 construction of the Bakun hydroelectric dam was completed and a number of coal power stations are being built. These projects are environmentally damaging- the dam has caused habitat loss and disrupted river ecosystems, and the power stations will increase air pollution and use up resources. |
| What has depleted due to these industries and what has been created? | Many industries also deplete raw materials (e.g. aluminum ore) and create waste products that pollute. |
| What does the growth of these industries promote? | The growth of these industries promotes economic sustainability because they provide a source of income now and in the future, but they are to environmentally sustainable. |
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