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Description
Flashcards by Michele Chase, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Michele Chase
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is ISMEC? | Accident sequence model (updated Bird's e.g. management control process!) I-dentification of work to be performed S-tandards of work to be performed Measuring performance by degree of compliance with standards E-valuate performance Commend compliance/correct deficiencies |
| Outline key points of Adam's Domino Theory | Edward Adams refined Bird's model. Adams added - problems with management structure = imperfect management behaviour. Includes company objectives, organization and operations Will influence supervisor behaviour, leading to tactical errors "sick business structure" Goals, responsibility, accountability authority structure, delegation and attention to important issues |
| Describe Bird's Pyramid Model | Frank Bird -improved (in theory) Heinrich's 1969 model with slightly diff. rations: 600 no injury; 30 property; 10 minor injury; 1 serious IF small incidents continue to occur uncontrolled, eventually a serious injury will occur. The only difference between a near miss and a serious injury is timing - seconds or inches |
| How does management influence supervisor behaviour? | major impact on supervisory staff mgmt failure = problems with supervisor conduct; sense of ownership, authority and responsibility Affects enforcement of rules, creates atmosphere of negative coaching; makes efforts on initiatives counter-intuitive to efficient and safe work practices tactical errors Poor morale |
| What are tactical errors? | e.g. Operational errors made by employees as a result of management or supervisor behaviour errors Can lead to incident(s) and loss |
| How does Adam's model help establish root cause? | The model helps determine tactical (operational) errors in a root cause analysis; and highlights the people behind the "domino's". This is a very important observation - behavoiur of senior employee group has big influence on all employees e.g. CEO walks across plant floor without required safety equipment - everyone notices the CEOs act, which sends a strong message that PPE is optional |
| What are the key factors of the Internal Responsibility Model? | Considers failures in "chain of command" from top exec to front line worker. Re-affirms that EVERY worker can be a cause, but also prevent accidents Often dismissed by senior employees - who believe root causes are worker and front line related |
| How does the Due Diligence Model expand on the IRS Model? | Due diligence specifically details the responsibility for health and safety at every level of the organization: Director - Principles; President - Policy/Systems; VP - Programs; Manager - Programs; Supervisor - Coaching/Problem solving; Worker - Initiative, problem solving, conformance, reporting Emphasizes the need for continuous improvement |
| Greenwood and Woods (Britain, 1919) published an article entitled "The incidence of industrial accidents upon individuals with special reference to multiple accidents". What were they attempting to prove? | This was the first academic article which attempted to describe the "accident proneness model" to explain that personal traits predispose an employee to accidents. This is an ergonomic model, relating that "most have none, some have one, and a few have several" accidents. |
| What are the key factors of accident proneness theory? | Ergonomic model Very old psychological model Some people are just "klutzy" and that accident proneness was PERMANENT and could not be changed This theory is scientifically FLAWED and INCORRECT |
| Describe the flaws in accident proneness theories. | accident proneness is not an inherent trait there are times or periodic conditions that lead to accident proneness, e.g. fatigue, stress, time pressure There is no meaningful way to assess accident proneness |
| What is the Life Change Unit (LCU) Theory? | Suggests that people are more likely to be involved in accidents if they have considerable stress in their lives e.g. more stress = more likely to have an accident. Stress can come from inside or outside of work. Quantitative measure of stress are ranked to calculate "stress score" Higher score - higher risk of accident Very difficult to use in practice & collect information. EFAP can help reduce internal/external stressors |
| Dr. Willard Kerr suggested that workers who are given the freedom to set their own goals, usually engage in high-quality, safe work. What is the name of this model and what kind of model is it? | Kerr's Goal on Freedom Model This is a behaviour model outlining that workers must experience suitable reward for the level of work performed for the work to remain at an elevated, quality level. Kerr also suggested that 50% of accidents are due to "adjustment" to stress Strongly influenced by human psychology - control over work = less stress = better performance = less accidents |
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