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Description
Flashcards by brittny beauford, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by brittny beauford
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture. A system of principles that govern the actions of the nurse in relation to patients, families, healthcare providers, policymakers, and society as a whole. | Ethics |
| Interdisciplinary field within healthcare that has evolved with modern medicine to address questions that arise as science & technology produce new ways of knowing. | Bioethics |
| A succinct statement of the ethical values, obligations, duties, and professional ideals of nurses individually and collectively. It is the profession’s non-negotiable ethical standard. | Code of ethics |
| The fundamental responsibility of the nurse is fourfold: What are they? | To provide health To prevent illness To restore health To alleviate suffering |
| What are the 4 principles that guide current bioethical decision-making? | Beneficence Nonmaleficence Autonomy Distributive Justice |
| What are some ethical issues that arise created by technology? | Life End-of-Life Dilemmas In Between |
| The equitable distribution of scarce resources among all socioeconomic groups and populations. | distributive justice |
| What are some examples of distributive justice in the allocation of scarce resources? | organ transplant, chemotherapy treatments. IVF |
| The limitation of access to or the equitable distribution of medical services through controls. | rationing healthcare |
| The ethical requirement of distributive justice assumes______ will be needed | rationing |
| Self-determination. Respect for the patient’s decision-making capabilities. | Autonomy |
| Promote good Professional duty and moral obligation to undertake positive actions aimed at safeguarding the health & welfare of patients. | Beneficence |
| Do no harm. The harm should not be disproportionate to the benefits of treatment | Nonmaleficence |
| Fair & equal treatment for all. Patients receive what they deserve & have their needs met. | Justice |
| Truth telling. Information should be accurate & truthful. | Veracity |
| Dedication, loyalty, advocacy | Fidelity |
| “Father’s Knows Best” approach | Paternalism |
| Benefit vs. Risk | Integrity & Totality |
| Selfless concern for the well-being of others. | Altruism |
| Respect for the inherent worth & uniqueness of people & populations. | human dignity |
| Acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics. | Integrity |
| Fair & equal treatment to all regardless of economic status, race, age, disability, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. | Social justice |
| A choice between two actions that will affect the well-being of a person | Ethical delimma |
| What are the most common ethical & bioethical issues encountered in nursing? | Patient freedom vs Nurse control Reproductive rights Honesty vs Information The Minor Dilemma The Battle of Beliefs Resource Management |
| Generally consist of doctors, nurses, on-staff chaplain, social worker, administrative personnel, legal representative, and a surrogate decision maker for the patient. | ethics committees |
| What are the four topics for analysis in clinical ethics cases: | 1. Medical Implications: Principles of Beneficence & Nonmaleficence 2. Quality of Life: Principles of Beneficence & Nonmaleficence & Respect for Autonomy 3. Patient Preferences: Principle of Respect for Autonomy 4. Contextual Features: Principles of Loyalty & Fairness |
| An approach that supports what is best for most people, rooted in the assumption that an action or practice is right if it leads to the greatest possible balance of good consequence or to the least possible balance of bad consequence. | ethical theory: Utilitarianism (Consequentialism) |
| An approach that is rooted in the assumption that humans are rational and act out of principles that are consistent and objective and compel them to do what is right. | Ethical theory: deontology |
| is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence or reality as well as the basic categories of being and their relations | ethical theory: ontological |
| focuses primarily on anticipating, preventing, diagnosing, and treating symptoms experienced by patients with a serious or life-threatening illness. The ultimate goal is to improve quality of life for both the patient & the family, regardless of the diagnosis. | Palliative care |
| 4 Barriers to Palliative Care in the Acute Care Setting | 1. Communication: Talking with patients & doctors regarding palliative care issues 2. Patient Identification Inability to identify patients due to lack of knowledge regarding criteria 3. Nurse Comfort Level: Inability to identify own issues regarding death & dying 4. Proper Pain Assessment: Inability to assess physical/psychological distress |
| Project was initiated in February 2000 and has trained over 17,500 healthcare professionals representing all 50 states. | End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium Project |
| Patients at the end-of-life with the awareness of imminent death must complete certain tasks to experience a peaceful death. What are the tasks? | Offering forgiveness Being forgiven Acknowledging regrets Finding closure in professional & personal relationships Saying goodbye to family and friends. |
| How many provisions are there in the ANA code of ethics? | 9 (Ill list them all if she says we need to in class) |
| What are essential nursing values? | Altruism autonomy human dignity integrity social justice |
| What are the most common ethical & bioethical dilemmas encountered in nursing from the powerpoint? | Patient freedom vs Nurse control Reproductive rights Honesty vs Information The Minor Dilemma The Battle of Beliefs Resource Management |
| How will ethical & bioethical issues in nursing & health care affect your professional practice? | Life end of life delimmas inbetween |
| What are the ethical concepts applied to nursing? | To provide health To prevent illness To restore health To alleviate suffering |
| What are the four ethical principles that guide current bioethical decision-making? | Benevolence nonmalefecence autonomy distributive justice |
| What is the difference between ethics and bioethics? | ociety rule of conduct vs role of conduct with modern medicine and technology |
| What is distributive justice and what is its assumed ethical requirement? | Distributing resources vs more meaningful life, best possible outcome, who can pay |
| What are the barriers to palliative care discussed on the powerpoint presentation? | Communication patient identification nurse comfort level proper pain asseement |
| What is double effect? | Action with 2 possible effects. Medication relive pain but quicken their death |
| What four conditions make double effect ethically acceptable? | 1. The good effect has to be intended and therefore is not morally wrong. 2. The bad effect is not intended but can be foreseen; that is, causing reparatory depression can result in death. 3. The bad effect cannot be the means to the good effect. In this example, pain relief is not achieved by ending a patient life. 4. The symptom must be severe enough to warrant taking risk; that is, administering this dose at this time is needed to relieve the pain. |
| What is palliative sedation? | The use of sedating medications to relieve refractory or intolerable symptoms when other pharmacologic measures have failed. What four symptoms are considered intolerable thereby making palliative sedation as an option in patient care? Pain, dyspnea, delirium with agitation |
| What is medically futile treatment? | Treatment without any physiological benefit. |
| What are the six benefits of palliative care in the improvement of quality of life? | 1. Relief of symptoms 2. optimization of function 3. promotion of healing and comfort 4. fostering of appropriate hope 5. genuine coordination of care at times of transitions between health care providers 6. if anticipated, patient and family are given opportunity and assistance in exploring and preparing for hospice. |
| What was identified by the Institute of Medicine IOM as a specific gap in end-of-life care in the acute care setting? | W/O a palliative care team, bedsides nurses who do not work with those at the end-of-life are at a disadvantage when caring for them on an infrequent basis. Bedside RNs do not effectively assess pain in patients at the end-of-life. This creates a gap in pain assessment & management leading to a decrease in quality of life. |
| Pain in palliative care patients is further complicated by the presence of other symptoms. What are the 8 symptoms listed in the textbook? | 1. dyspnea 2. insomnia 3. constipation 4. N/V 5. anxiety 6. depression 7. delirium 8. fatigue |
| What is the “work of dying”? | Patients at the end-of-life with the awareness of imminent death must complete certain tasks to experience a peaceful death. Offering forgiveness Being forgiven Acknowledging regrets Finding closure in professional & personal relationships Saying goodbye to family and friends. |
| What were two landmark cases discussed in the textbook that helped establish the patient’s right to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment? What did they generate support for? | Quinlan- use of hospital ethics committees to review decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatments Cruzan- patient self-determination act. Patient needs rights and safeguards in the form of clear and convincing evidence in the interest in preserving life. |
| Quinlan- use of hospital ethics committees to review decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatments Cruzan- patient self-determination act. Patient needs rights and safeguards in the form of clear and convincing evidence in the interest in preserving life. | 1. Treating the patient for the families sake 2. Inability to adequately manage medications 3. Withholding or withdrawing food an fluids or treatments. |
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