764808
Description
Flashcards by Melanie Neininger, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Melanie Neininger
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| lexeme | abstract morphological entity that can be realized by different word forms; lexemes are included in dictionary, word forms are not |
| complex word | consists of more than one morpheme - ex: reader, incredible, house keeper |
| monomorphemic word | consist of only one morpheme ex: dog, sedate, transfer |
| bound morpheme | has to be attached to other morphemes ex: un-, -ful, -able, -al bound root: e. g. -sperse, |
| free morpheme | can stand alone ex: ball, head, book |
| affix | cover term for all bound morphemes that attach to roots |
| prefix | affix occuring before a morpheme ex: un-, de-, anti- |
| suffix | affix occuring after a morpheme ex: -less, -ful, -ly, -al, -an |
| infix | intervening affix (rare in English) ex: abso-bloody-lutely |
| base | part of a word to which an affix is attached |
| stem | word after inflectional suffix is removed |
| root | smallest base which cannot be analysed further into morphemes |
| bound root | root that only occurs in combination with some other bound morpheme ex. Latinate later-, approb-, simul- Germanic hap- |
| derivative | derived word |
| concatenation | linking together bases and affixes as in a chain |
| concatenative processes | compounding affixation |
| nonconcatenative processes | conversion clipping blends acronyms abbreviations |
| compounding | linking two or more free morphemes in order to create a new lexeme; word-class is not changed |
| affixation | adding an affix to a morpheme in order to create a new lexeme; can change word-class, as well |
| conversion (zero-suffixation, transposition9 | turning nouns into verbs by adding a "zero-morpheme" e.g. water - to water |
| truncation (clipping) | shortening by deleting parts of the base word ex: demonstration - demo |
| blending | amalgamation of part of different words ex: smog = smoke + fog workaholic = worker + alcoholic |
| acronyms | combining of initial letters of compounds or phrases into a pronounceable new word ex: NATO, Laser |
| abbreviation | US, UK, EU, UN... |
| word formation | study of the ways in which new complex words are built on the basis of other words or morphemes |
| semantic opacity | meaning of a word is not the sum of the meaning of its parts ex: interview |
| compositional | linguistic expressions whose meaning is a function of the meaning of its parts ex: unhappy --> un = not, un+happy = not happy |
| allomorph | different morphs representing the same morpheme |
| phonological conditioning of allomorphy | distribution of allomorphs conditioned by sound structure ex: the, a /ði/, /ðe/ /ei/,/ə/ |
| morphological conditioning of allomorphy | realisation of base depends on following morpheme NB: frequent in English derivation, applies for bases ex: explain - explanation /iks'plein/ - /ɛksplə'neiʃn/ |
| complementary distribution | one variant is exclusively found in one environment, whereas the other variant is found exclusively in a different environment |
| analogy | a new word is created on the basis of a single or very few model words without an existing word formation rule ex: eyewitness - earwitness hamburger - cheeseburger alcoholic - workaholic |
| productivity | property of a morpheme/ word-formation rule to coin new complex words ex: -able --> highly productive -th --> unproductive, limited list |
| possible/ potential word | a word whose semantic, morphological or phonological structure is in accordance with rules and regularities of the language |
| actual/ existing word | if we find a word attested in a text, used by a speaker and understood by others |
| derivation | processes which commonly change word-class of derivative |
| What is morphology? | Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words. |
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