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Description
Flashcards by John Ditchburn, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by John Ditchburn
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Fetch | the distance of open water over which the wind can blow |
| Beach | a deposit of sand or shingle at the coast, often found at the head of a bay |
| Crest | the top of a wave. |
| Swash | the forward movement of a wave up a beach. |
| Backwash | the backward movement of water down a beach when a wave has broken. |
| Constructive wave | a powerful wave with a strong swash that surges up a beach. |
| Destructive wave | a wave formed by a local storm that crashes down onto a beach and has a powerful backwash. |
| Cliff | a steep or vertical face of rock often found at the coast. |
| Rockfall | the collapse of a cliff face or the fall of individual rocks from a cliff. |
| Hydraulic power | the sheer power of the waves. |
| Corrasion | the effect of rocks being flung at the cliff by powerful waves. |
| Longshore drift | the transport of sediment along a stretch of coastline caused by waves approaching the beach at an angle |
| Bay | a broad coastal inlet often with a beach. |
| Headland | a point of usually high land jutting out into the sea. |
| Wave-cut platform | a wide, gently sloping rocky surface at the foot of a cliff. |
| Wave-cut notch | a small indentation (or notch) cut into a cliff by coastal erosion roughly at the level of high tide. |
| Cave | a hollowed-out feature at the base of an eroding cliff. |
| Arch | a headland that has been partly broken through by the sea to form a thin-roofed arch. |
| Stack | an isolated pinnacle of rock sticking out of the sea. |
| Spit | a finger of new land made of sand or shingle, jutting out into the sea from the coast. |
| Salt marsh | low-lying coastal wetland mostly extending between high and low tide. |
| Bar | spit that has grown across a bay. |
| Sliding | a type of mass movement involving material moving downhill on a flat surface (a landslide). |
| Slumping | a type of mass movement involving material moving downhill under its own weight. |
| Landslip | a type of mass movement common at the coast involving material slipping downhill usually along a curved slip surface. |
| Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) | an integrated coastal management plan for a stretch of coastline in England and Wales. |
| Hard engineering | building artificial structures such as sea walls aimed at controlling natural processes. |
| Soft engineering | a sustainable approach to managing the coast without using artificial structures. |
| Sea wall | concrete or rock barrier built at the foot of cliffs or at the top of a beach. |
| Groyne | timber or rock structure built out to sea to trap sediment being moved by longshore drift. |
| Rock armour | piles of large boulders dumped at the foot of a cliff to protect it by forcing waves to break and absorbing their energy. |
| Managed retreat | allowing controlled flooding of low-lying coastal areas or cliff collapse in areas where the value of the land is low. |
| Pioneer plant | the first plant species to colonise an area that is well adapted to living in a harsh environment. |
| Sediment | loose rock debris that has been weathered or eroded before being transported and then deposited. |
| Vegetation succession | a sequence of vegetation species colonising an environment. |
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