Electrons, Bonding and Structure

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Undergraduate Chemistry - Part 1 (Electrons, Bonding and Structure) Flashcards on Electrons, Bonding and Structure, created by siobhan.quirk on 12/05/2013.
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Flashcards by siobhan.quirk, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by siobhan.quirk over 11 years ago
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Question Answer
Define first ionisation energy the energy required to remove the first electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atom to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions
Define electron shielding the repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. Shielding reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer-shell electrons
Define successive ionisation energies a measure of energy required to remove each electron in turn
Define second ionisation energy the energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions
Define shell a group of atomic orbitals with the same prinicipal quantum number
Define principal quantum number a number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital, which increases with distance from the nucleus
Define atomic orbital a region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
Define sub-shell a group of the same type of atomic orbitals
Define electron configuration the arrangement of electrons in an atom
Define compound a substance formed from two or more chemically bonded elements in a fixed ratio, usually shown by a chemical formula
Define ionic bond the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Define giant ionic lattice a 3D structure of oppositely charged ions held together by strong ionic bonds
Define group a vertical column in the Period Table. Elements have similar properties and their atoms have the same number of outer-shell electrons
Define covalent bond a bond formed by a shared pair of electrons
Define lone pair is an outer-shell pair of electrons that are not involved in chemical bonding
Define dative covalent bond (or coordinate bond) is a shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only
Define electronegativity a measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond
Define permanent dipole a small charge difference across a bond that results from a difference in electronegativites of the bonded atoms
Define polar covalent bond has a permanent dipole
Define polar molecule has an overall dipole when you take into account any dipoles across the bonds
Define intermolecular force an attractive force between neighbouring molecules
Define permanent dipole-dipole force a weak attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbouring polar molecules
Define van der Waals' forces arractive forces between induced dipoles in neighbouring molecules
Define hydrogen bond a strong dipole-dipole attractoin between an electon deficient hydrogen atom on one molecule and a loe pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom on a different molecule
Define metallic bonding electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
Define delocalised electrons electrons shared between more than two atoms
Define giant metallic lattice is a 3D structure of positive ions and delocalised electrons, bonded together by strong metallic bonds
Define simple molecular lattice a 3D structure of molecules bonded together by weak intermolecular forces
Define giant covalent lattice a 3D structure of atoms, bonded together by strong covalent bonds
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