8559998
Description
Flashcards by Jessica West, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jessica West
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| the earths surface was covered in what during the first billion years of the earths history? | it was covered in volcanoes that erupted and released lots of gases |
| scientists believe that the gases released from these volcanoes created what? | they believe this is how the earths early atmosphere was formed |
| the earths early atmosphere was mostly made up of what? | carbon dioxide with virtually no oxygen |
| the earths early atmosphere has been compared to the atmospheres of which two planets? | mars and venus |
| the volcanic activity also released which gases? | nitrogen, water vapour and small amounts of methane and ammonia |
| which case since phase 1 has gradually built up to be the main gate in our atmosphere today? | nitrogen |
| when the earth cooled what in the atmosphere condensed and formed oceans? | water vapour |
| why was a lot of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere? | it dissolved in the ocean |
| the dissolved carbon dioxide went through a series of reactions to form carbonate precipitates which formed what? | sediments on the sea bed |
| the first bacteria was called what? | cyanobacteria |
| cyanobacteria, algae and green plants evolved and absorbed carbon dioxide so that which process could be carried out? | photosynthesis |
| during phase 2 which type of animals evolved? | marine animals evolved |
| compressed plants, plankton and marine animal skeletons formed what? | sedimentary rocks, oil and gas |
| the trapped co2 in these rocks kept co2 level in the atmosphere what? | reduced |
| during phase 3 cyanobacteria, green plants and algae started to produce what? | they started to produce oxygen |
| organisms used what to convert co2 and water into glucose? | organisms used light |
| 6CO 2 + GH 2 O --> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 is the equation for what? | it is the equation for photosynthesis |
| as the oxygen levels built up in the atmosphere over more complex life forms could what? | more complex life forms like animals could evolve |
| the earth's atmosphere is roughly what percent nitrogen and what percent oxygen? | 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and small amounts of other gases all adding up to 1% |
| evidence - ancient rock formations that contain iron compounds only form when theres hardly any what about? | they form when there is hardly any oxygen about |
| do these rock formations prove or disprove the theory that the early atmosphere had little oxygen? | they prove this theory |
| the earliest fossils are tiny organisms that could survive without what? | the tiny organisms could survive without much oxygen |
| in an exothermic reaction the products are at a _____ energy than the reactants | lower |
| an exothermic reaction ___ ___ energy and is usually shown by a ___ in temperature | gives out, rise |
| in an endothermic reaction the products are at a _____ energy than the reaction | higher |
| an endothermic reaction ____ ___ energy and is usually shown by a ___ in temperature? | takes in, fall |
| on a reaction profile what do the y and x axis show? | the x axis shows the progress of reaction and the y axis shows energy |
| the activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for what to break and what to start? | it is the minimum amount needed of bonds to break and a reaction to start |
| what are the greenhouse gases? | carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour |
| the greenhouse gases act as a what in the earths atmosphere? | they act as an insulating layer |
| when the electromagnetic radiation from the sun passes through the atmosphere it is absorbed by the earth what happens to the earths temperature? | the gets warmer so the temperature increases slightly |
| the earth emits ___ _______ radiation which is absorbed by the _______ ___ in the atmosphere and then re-emmited ___ _____ earth | long wavelength, greenhouse gases, back towards |
| which type of electromagnetic radiation can be found between the earths surface and the greenhouse gases? | infrared radiation |
| describe the process from its effect fewer trees means less CO2 is removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis | deforestation |
| describe the process from its effect carbon that was 'locked up' in these fuels is released as CO2 | burning fossil fuels |
| describe the process from its effect farm animals produce methane through their digestive processes | agriculture |
| describe the process from its effect more landfill sites and more waste from agriculture means more CO2 and methane are released by decomposition of waste | creating waste |
| an increase of what gas is linked to climate change? | CO2 |
| an increase of CO2 in the atmosphere directly correlates with the increased use of what? | fossil fuels |
| why is it difficult to predict how the climate will change in the future? | because scientists don't know how greenhouse gas emissions might change, so predictions made by extrapolating data may not be realistic |
| why is it difficult to make a accurate and understandable model on climate change? | the earths climate is very complex, and there are lots of variables which means most models are oversimplified (and don't contain enough info) or are too detailed for the average person to understand |
| why is it important to make predictions about the consequences of climate change? | to make sure that policy - makers can make decisions now |
| describe the effect an increase in global temperature | could lead to an increased melting of the polar ice caps causing a further rise in sea levels, increased flooding in coastal areas and coastal erosion |
| describe the effect changes in rainfall pattern (amount, timing and distribution) | may cause some regions to get too much or too little water, this along with changes in temperature, may affect the ability of certain areas to produce food |
| describe the effect more violent weather | the frequency and severity of storms may also increase which can cause flooding on low land |
| what is potable water? | water that is fit to drink |
| which source of water can be collected from aquifers (rocks that have trapped water underground)? | ground water |
| which source of water can be treated from water thats been contaminated by a human process, e.g. waste water from sewage? | waste water |
| which type of water is found in the sea? | salt water |
| why does water have to be treated before it is drunk? | so it is safe to drink |
| the first step to treat ground water is often aeration what happens during this process? | the water is mixed with air to increase the levels of dissolved oxygen, this forces other dissolved gases out of the water and also removes certain ions which react with the oxygen to form solid oxides |
| what is the second part of treating water? | filtering the water to remove solid impurities |
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