862002
| Question | Answer |
| Name 5 types of joints | Fibrous Ball and socket Hinge Gliding Pivot |
| Characteristics of fibrous joints | immovable held together by thin layer of strong connective tissue eg. sutures of skull/teeth in sockets |
| Characteristics of Ball and socket joints | allow freedom of movement in all directions round head of one bone fits into hollow end of another eg. shoulder joint/hip joint |
| Characteristics of Hinge joints | move in one plane only mainly have ligaments at sides of joints convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another eg. elbow/ knee |
| Characteristics of Gliding joints | gliding movements as surfaces slide over each other limited movement between carpal/tarsal bones eg. wrist |
| Characteristics of Pivot joints | head of one bone rotates around a bony ring (axis)of another bone eg. end of radius rotating around ulna as hand turned inwards or outwards |
| How does a bone heal | broken bone called a fracture bone breaks and cells around broken part produce mass of cartilage and collagen called callus callus gradually replaced by bone cells bone heals |
| name 3 types of fractures | simple fracture - bone breaks doesn't pierce skin compound fracture - bone breaks and pierces skin greenstick fracture - bone bends but does not break completely |
| discuss 12 points about muscles | muscles help control movement of your body muscles surround your bones and organs muscles give your body form and support muscles make movement possible muscles produce heat 3 kinds - skeletal, smooth, cardiac skeletal- voluntary - biceps smooth - involuntary - stomach cardiac - automatic - heart Gluteus Maximus - biggest muscle human body has 630 muscles jaw muscle the strongest muscle heart, tongue and eye muscles busiest |
| muscular system name important skeletal muscles | pectoral - lowers arm intercostals - between ribs - helps catch your breath and turn upper body quadriceps - help straighten knees - use climbing stairs biceps femoris - extends thigh/ bends knee sternocleidomastoid - rotates the heavy head deltoid - shoulder muscles - raise the arm triceps/biceps - help raise and lower arms gluteus maximus - strong muscles - straighten the hip joint/ holds you upright gastrocnemius - helps you stand on your toes tendons - connective tissue |
| another name for collar bone | clavicle |
| patella better known as | knee |
| bones that make up the lower leg | fibia and tibia |
| name the two bones that make up the lower arm | ulna and radius |
| ball and socket joints are found where | shoulder and hip |
| name an immovable joint | skull |
| ribs are part of your body known as | your axial skeleton |
| your breast bone is also known as | your sternum |
| the hip bone is also known as | your pelvis |
| the thigh bone is the longest bone and is called the | femur |
| name one bone that can move in the skull | mandible (jaw) |
| explain why hinge is a good name for the joints at your elbow and knee | a hinge joint can move in one plane only means the knee/elbow can move forwards or backwards like the hinge on a door allows the door to open and close a hinge joint connects two bones and enables one to move back and forth |
| name 3 important functions of the skeleton | support movement protection |
| why are joints necessary | without joints your body would not be able to move |
| what is a muscle | a collection of thread like fibres |
| true or false the funny bone makes your laugh | false |
| true or false bones need the pressure they get from exercise | true |
| true or false your body has 630 muscles | true |
| name the 5 senses | hearing sight taste smell touch |
| in order for us to have a sense we need | a sensor |
| describe how the eyes work | eyes have 2 types of light sensors RODS - sense light intensity and work well in low light situations CONES - can sense colors and need intense light to be activated |
| skin sensors | 5 different nerve endings heat sensitive cold sensitive pain sensitive itch sensitive pressure sensitive |
| smell sensors | chemical sensors give sense of smell |
| explain how we hear sounds | sound waves move external ear directs sound waves to ear canal ear canal directs moves sound to the inner ear sound moves the tympanic membrane which is like a drum sound moves to the hammer and anvil sound is passed to the stirrup the movement is passed from the stirrup to liquid inside a coiled tube called the cochlea your brain understands the movements picked up inside the cochlea and tells you what sound you hear |
| 8 labels for the ear external ear tympanic membrane - ear drum ear canal hammer anvil stirrup semicircular canals nerves - connect to brain cochlea Eustachian tube ( connects to the nose) | |
| outside flap which collects the sound | external ear |
| directs the sound onto the eardrum which vibrates | ear canal |
| a thin rounded membrane which vibrates and transmits the sound to the middle ear | eardrum |
| receives vibrations from the eardrum and transmits them to the inner ear | middle ear bones |
| these are fluid filled and vital to our sense of balance | semi-circular canals |
| contains nerve cells which transmit the sound to the auditory nerve | cochlea |
| carries sound to the part of the brain which controls sound | auditory nerves |
| connects the middle ear to the back of the nose. it is used to equalize pressure | Eustachian tubes |
| all sounds are caused by | vibrations |
| bats have poor eyesight and they use what to "see" | sound |
| what holds us down on the earth's surface | gravity |
| our eyes are hollow balls of | liquid |
| what are sensitive and help us to see at night | rods |
| what part of the ear provides information about the movement of the head | semicircular canals |
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Image:
eyeNEA08.gif (image/gif)
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labels for the eye retina - (contains cells, rods, cones) cornea iris pupil lens optic nerve |
| parts of the ear - Anvil | ear is sense organ that detects sound Anvil - tiny bone passes vibrations from hammer to stirrup |
| parts of the ear - Cochlea | a spiral shaped fluid filled structure in inner ear lined with cilia - tiny hairs move when vibrated and cause nerve impulse to form |
| parts of ear - Ear drum | ear drum is a tiny membrane vibrates when sound waves reach it |
| parts of ear - Hammer | Hammer is a tiny bone that passes vibrations from ear drum to anvil |
| parts of ear - Nerves | the nerves carry electro-chemical signals from inner ear (cochlea) to the brain |
| parts of the ear - Outer ear canal | outer ear canal is tube through which sound travels to the ear drum |
| parts of the ear - Semicircular canals | semi-circular canals are 3 loops of fluid filled tubes attached to cochlea in inner ear help maintain sense of balance |
| parts of ear - Stirrup | Stirrup is tiny U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from stirrup to cochlea smallest bone in human body |
| Balance | balance helps us stay upright and know where we are in relation to gravity balance helps us run walk move balance controlled vía signals from brain to eyes, inner ear, skin, muscles and joints = VESTIBULAR system inner ear has 3 semicircular canals filled with fluid and sensors to pick up movement of the head sensory hair cells in canals are activated by movement of inner ear fluid nerve impulses processed by brain help us know if we are moving/ where we are in space |
| we get dizzy because | if we spin around fluid in the canals is moving so much and there is signal overload |
| bats use sound to navigate - this is called | echolocation |
| gastrocemius - helps you stand on your toes | |
| bats see using sound | 900 species of bats echolocation helps them see detect obstacles in flight echolocation - use of sonar=sound navigation and ranging bats contract their larynx=voice box to produce echolocation sounds echolocations calls ultrasonic 20-200kHz in frequency |
| echolocation calls characterized by | intensity in decibels dB frquency duration in miliseconds |
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