268 & 269 - Heart Embryology & Morphogenesis

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Cardiovascular Flashcards on 268 & 269 - Heart Embryology & Morphogenesis, created by Victoria Wright on 15/05/2017.
Victoria Wright
Flashcards by Victoria Wright, updated more than 1 year ago
Victoria Wright
Created by Victoria Wright almost 7 years ago
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Question Answer
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Truncus arteriosus Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Bulbus cordis Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Endocardial cushion Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Primitive atrium Trabeculated part of left and right atria
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Primitive ventricle Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Primitive pulmonary vein Smooth part of left atrium
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Left horn of sinus venosus Coronary sinus
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Right horn of sinus venosus Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein Superior vena cava (SVC)
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk Truncus arteriosus
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles Bulbus cordis
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves Endocardial cushion
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Trabeculated part of left and right atria Primitive atrium
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles Primitive ventricle
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Smooth part of left atrium Primitive pulmonary vein
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Coronary sinus Left horn of sinus venosus
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum) Right horn of sinus venosus
What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Superior vena cava (SVC) Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
What is the first functional organ in vertebrate embryos? Heart
When does the heart first begin beating? First functional organ in vertebrate embryos; beats spontaneously by week 4 of development
Heart Morphogenesis What is Cardiac looping? Primary heart tube loops to establish left-right polarity
Heart Morphogenesis When does Cardiac looping begin? Begins in week 4 of gestation.
Heart Morphogenesis Defect in left-right dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry) can lead to what? Defect in left-right dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry) can lead to dextrocardia, as seen in Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia).
Heart Morphogenesis What defect can lead to dextrocardia, as seen in Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia). Defect in left-right dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry) can lead to dextrocardia, as seen in Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia).
Explain 1 Atria Septum primum grows toward endocardial cushions, narrowing foramen primum.
Explain 2 Atria Foramen secundum forms in septum primum (foramen primum disappears)
Explain 3 Atria Septum secundum develops as foramen secundum maintains right-to-left shunt.
Explain 4 Atria Septum secundum expands and covers most of the foramen secundum. The residual foramen is the foramen ovale.
Explain 5 Atria Remaining portion of septum primum forms valve of foramen ovale.
Explain 6 and 7 (Not shown) 6. (Not shown) Septum secundum and septum primum fuse to form the atrial septum. 7. (Not shown) Foramen ovale usually closes soon after birth because of q LA pressure.
What is Patent foramen ovale caused by? Caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth; most are left untreated.
What is caused by caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth? Patent foramen ovale (most are left untreated)
What can lead to paradoxical emboli (venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation), similar to those resulting from an ASD? Patent foramen ovale
What can Patent foramen ovale lead to? Can lead to paradoxical emboli (venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation), similar to those resulting from an ASD.
Explain 1 Ventricles Muscular interventricular septum forms. Opening is called interventricular foramen.
Explain 2 Ventricles Aorticopulmonary septum rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form membranous interventricular septum, closing interventricular foramen
Explain 3 Ventricles Growth of endocardial cushions separates atria from ventricles and contributes to both atrial septation and membranous portion of the interventricular septum.
What is a ventricular septal defect? Most common congenital cardiac anomaly, usually occurs in membranous septum.
What is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly? Ventricular septal defect
Where does a Ventricular septal defect usually occur? Usually occurs in membranous septum.
How is the Outflow Tract formed? Neural crest and endocardial cell migrations leads to truncal and bulbar ridges that spiral and fuse to form aorticopulmonary septum leading to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
What Conotruncal abnormalities are associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate? ƒ Transposition of great vessels. ƒ Tetralogy of Fallot. ƒ Persistent truncus arteriosus.
The following are associated with what? ƒ Transposition of great vessels. ƒ Tetralogy of Fallot. ƒ Persistent truncus arteriosus. Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate.
How does the Aortic/Pulmonary Valve develop? Derived from endocardial cushions of outflow tract
How does the Mitral/tricuspid valve develop? Derived from fused endocardial cushions of the AV canal.
Valvular anomalies may be what? (4 possibilities) Valvular anomalies may be stenotic, regurgitant, atretic (eg, tricuspid atresia), or displaced (eg, Ebstein anomaly)
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