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Flashcards by Nick Stoner, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by a deleted user
over 7 years ago
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Copied by Nick Stoner
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Occurs when water seeps into cracks in rocks, freezes, expands and breaks off pieces of rocks. | Frost wedging |
| Process of rock being eroded away from above an igneous rock body | Unloading |
| When rock changes into one or more new compounds | Chemical weathering |
| When rocks or rock fragments fall freely through the air. | Rockfalls |
| A block of material moves suddenly along a flat, inclined surface | Slide |
| Downward movement of a block of material along a curved surface | Slump |
| Slowest type of mass movement | Creep |
| Type of climate that has the greatest chemical weathering | Warm and wet |
| The 4 main components of soil | Air, water, organic matter, mineral matter |
| Most organic matter in soil comes from where? | Plants |
| Layer below the C horizon | Parent material |
| Five factors that affect soil formation | Time, parent material, climate, organisms, slope |
| Slope with an angle 25 to 40 degrees | Oversteeped slope |
| Loose partially decayed organic matter and mineral matter | A horizon |
| Clay and nutrients transferred from the layer above | B Horizon |
| Partially weathered parent material | C Horizon |
| How are chemical and mechanical weathering related? | Mechanical weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces. These smaller pieces have a greater combined surface area so they will weather chemically quicker. |
| The four triggers of mass movment | Water, oversteepened slopes, removal of vegetation, earthquakes |
| What will happen to a slope if the vegetation is removed from it? | The slope is more likely to have mass movements. |
| When different parts of a rock weather at different rates. | Differential weathering |
| Three factors that affect the rate of weathering | Rock characteristics, climate, amount of exposed area |
| How will a soil that has been forming for 10 years look compared to one that has been forming for 100 years? | The soil that has been forming longer, will be thicker. |
| What is the main driving force behind all mass movements? | Gravity |
| Which directions do mass movements occur? | Downslope |
| Rocks are broken into smaller pieces, but they don't chemically change. | Mechanical weathering |
| Transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity. | Mass movement |
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