Flashcards
CHEM 1
Cards in this deck (52)
- 1First Ionisation Energy equationX(g)>>>>X+(g) +e-
- 2Mass Spectrometer stagesVapourise
Ionise
Accelerate
Deflect
Detect - 3Atomic Radius ACROSSDECREASES
Nuclear charge increases but electrons are added to the same energy level, therefore, greater EFA between nucleus and outermost electrons - 4Atomic Radius DOWNINCREASES
Electrons are added to different energy levels further from the nucleus, reducing EFA and shielding of charge also increases - 5First Ionisation Energy DOWNDECREASES
- 6First Ionisation Energy ACROSSINCREASES GENERALLY
- 7First Ionisation Energy blipsElectrons in higher energy subshells
OR
Spin pair repulsion between paired negative electrons - 8Relative mass of an electron1/1840
- 9Moles in solutionMoles= volume x concentration
- 10Moles in solidMoles = mass / mr
- 11Ideal Gas EquationpV = nRT
p in pa
v in m^3
t in K - 12Degrees to Kelvin+273
- 13Empirical formula% or mass
/ by Ar
/ by smallest
use ratio - 14Empirical to molecularn = mr of molecule / mr of empirical
empirical x n = molecular formula - 15Atom economymass of product / mass of all reactants x 100
- 16Yieldactual mass / theoretical mass x 100
- 17Ionic bondStrong EFA between oppositely charged ions
- 18Ionic are soluble in waterPolar solvent molecules attract ions out of the lattice into solution
- 19Metallic bondStrong EFA between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
- 20Covalent bondA shared pair of electrons between two atoms
- 21Giant covalent structuresSilicon dioxide
Graphite
Diamond - 22Dative covalent bondA covalent bond where both of the shared electrons are donated from one of the atoms
- 23Van der Waal's depends on...Size of molecules - more electrons means larger dipoles which are harder to overcome which INCREASES mbp
Branching - more branching decreases surface contact area and vdw which DECREASES mbp - 24Hydrogen bondH bonded to an O, N or F with at least one lone pair
- 252 Bonding PairsLinear
180° - 263 Bonding PairsTrigonal Planar
120° - 274 Bonding PairsTetrahedral
109.5° - 285 Bonding PairsTrigonal Bipyramidal
120° and 90° - 296 Bonding PairsOctahedral
90° - 301 Lone Pair 2 Bonding PairsAngular
117.5° - 311 Lone Pair 3 Bonding PairsPyramidal
107° - 322 Lone Pairs 2 Bonding PairsBent
104.5° - 332 Lone Pairs 4 Bonding PairsSquare Planar
90° - 34Structural IsomersChain Isomerism
Position Isomerism
Functional Group Isomerism - 35Fractional DistillationSeparates alkanes into chain lengths by bp
HOT BOTTOM and COLD TOP
LONG BOTTOM and SHORT TOP - 36LPGCamping gas
- 37NapthaPetrochemicals
- 38KeroseneJet fuel
- 39DieselCentral heating fuel
- 40Mineral oilLubricant
- 41Fuel oilPower station fuel
- 42Wax, greaseCandles
- 43BitumenRoad surfacing
- 44What is Cracking?Breaking C-C alkane bonds to form an alk-1-ene and shorter chained alkane
- 45Thermal Cracking conditionsONE ALKENE PRODUCT
1000K
7000KPa
No catalyst - 46Catalytic CrackingBRANCHED ALKANES (burn smoothly as fuels), CYCLOALKANES AND AROMATICS
720K
Just above atmospheric pressure
Zeolite catalyst - 47Complete alkane combustionAlkane + Oxygen>>>> Carbon Dioxide + Water
- 48Incomplete alkane combustionAlkane + Oxygen >>>> Carbon Monoxide + Water
Alkane + Oxygen >>>> Carbon + Water - 49Nitrogen OxidesFormed as air petrol mixture sparks and explodes
Nitrogen + Oxygen >>>> Nitrogen Monoxide - 50Catalytic ConverterPLATINUM, PALLADIUM, RHODIUM
Spread thinly over ceramic honeycomb to give large surface area
2CO + 2NO >>>> N2 + 2CO2
NO + Alkane >>>> CO2 + Water + N2 - 51Sulphur dioxide pollutantUnder UV SO2 + 1/2 O2 >>>> SO3
SO2 OR SO3 + Water >>>> Acid Rain
NOT REMOVED IN CATALYTIC CONVERTER - 52Flue Gas DesulphurisationUse Calcium Carbonate (limestone) to neutralise SO2
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- Flashcards to summarise the AQA CHEM 1 topics included on the syllabus
- Created by
- Lucy Denver
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