93201
Description
Flashcards by siobhan.quirk, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by siobhan.quirk
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Extrusion | emission of magma onto the Earth's surface where it forms a lava flow |
| Weathering | breakdown of rocks in situ |
| Erosion | removal of weathered material, usually by the physical action of transported fragments |
| Transport | means by which weathered material is moved from one place to another by water, wind, ice or gravity |
| Deposition | laying down of a sediment that occurs when a transporting agent loses energy |
| Burial | occurs when sediment is covered by younger layers of sediment accumulating on top of it |
| Diagenesis | all processes that take place in sediments at low temperature and pressure at or near the Earth's surface |
| Recrystallisation | solid state process that changes minerals into new crystalline metamorphic minerals |
| Metamorphism | the changing of rocks in the Earth's crust by heat and/or pressure and/or volatile content. It is isochemical and occurs in the solid state |
| Partial melting | the incomplete melting of rock in the lower crust or upper mantle |
| Magma accumulation | magma collecting within a magma chamber |
| Crystallisation | occurs during the cooling of magma or lava so that solid mineral crysals form |
| Intrusion | igneous rock formed below the Earth's surface. The magma can be forced into pre-existing rocks, for example either along bedding planes and joints, or by cutting across the existing rocks. |
| Uplift | return of buried rocks to the Earth's surface by tectonic forces |
| Thin section | a thin (0.03mm) slice of rock that is translucent, mounted on a glass slide and viewed through a microscope |
| rock | aggregate or mixture of one or more minerals |
| Clast | fragment of broken rock |
| Sedimentary rock | a rock composed of fragments that have been deposited, compacted and cemented |
| Igneous rock | a rock that has crystallised from a magma |
| Silicates | most important and abundant group of rock-forming mineraks, with an atomic structure containin SiO4, arranged as tetrahedra. |
| Metamorphic rock | formed by the recrystallisation of other rocks in the solid state, due to pressure, temperature or both |
| Foliation | a texture in metamorphic rocks formed by the preferred alignment of flat/tabular minerals |
| Geological column | table that contains all of the eras and systems in the correct time sequence |
| Era | major unit of time that contains several periods/systems |
| System | refers to rocks laid down in a named time period and is shorter than an era |
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