Ways of separating mixtures

Ways of separating mixtures

1. Magnetisim

   • Magnetic Separation is which separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetically susceptible materials. This separation technique can be useful in mining iron as it is attracted to a magnet
     • Example:
       • Some metals like iron, nickel and cobalt have magnetic properties whiles gold, silver and aluminum do not. Magnetic elements are attracted to a magnet.

2. Hand separation

   • Hand separation is the way in which we use our hands to separate the elements in a a mixture
     • Example:
       • An example which could be separated by hand might be a dry mixture of salt and sand. Manually picking out the sand does not change the chemical identity of the salt or the sand

3. Filtration

   • When the substances in a mixture have different particle sizes, they are separated by filtration. The mixture is poured through a sieve or filter. The smaller particles slip through the holes, but the larger particles do not. Filtration is the first stage in water recycling.
     • Example:
       • An example of such a mixture is sand and water. Filtration is used in water treatment plants, where water from the river is filtered to remove solid particles.

4. Evaporation

   • Is the process of separating a mixture (solution) of a soluble solid and a solvent. The process involves heating the solution until the solvent evaporates (turns into gas) leaving behind the solid residue
     • Example:
       • Here is a simple example involving a mixture of salt and water. To get the salt back from the salt water, the solution is heated to boiling point. As it boils, the water escapes as vapor (gas). After some time, all the water evaporates, leaving a layer of salt at the bottom of the beaker.

5. Chromatography

   • It is used to identify chemicals (coloring agents) in foods or inks.
     • Example:
       • If a scientist wants to know how many substances are in a particular blob of ink, paper chromatography can be used.

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