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17550393
The study of language
Description
Mind Map on The study of language, created by Ivana Sofia on 02/04/2019.
Mind Map by
Ivana Sofia
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Ivana Sofia
about 5 years ago
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Resource summary
The study of language
The origins of language
The divine source
Provides humans with language
through experiments people
concluded Phrygian modern Turkey, must be the original language
tend not to confirm the results of these types of ‘divine-source’ experiments
The natural sound source
Primitive words could have been imitations of the natural sounds
An object flew by, making a CAW-CAW sound
the early human tried to imitate the sound and used it to refer to the thing associated with the sound.
ONOMATOPOEIC
The physical adaptation source
There are certain physical features
which appear to be relevant for speech
They are good clues that a creature possessing such features probably has the capacity for speech
Teeth, lips, mouth, larynx and pharynx
Teeth
Llips
Mouth
Larynx
Pharynx
Acts as a resonator for increased range and clarity of the sounds produced via the larynx
Contains the vocal cords
Relatively small compared to other primates
Contains a smaller, thicker and more muscular tongue
it can be used to shape a wide variety of sounds inside the oral cavity
Have much more The Study of Language intricate muscle interlacing than is found in other primates
Their flexibiliity helps in making sounds likeporb
Very helpful in making sounds such asforv
Not slanting outwards like those of apes, and they are roughly even in height
The human braiin
Is lateralized
Annotations:
it has specialized functions in each of the two hemispheres
left hemisphere
controls motor movements
The genetic source
This seems to indicate that human offspring are born with a special capacity for language
no other creature seems to have it,
Animals and human language
Communicative and informative signals
communicative signals
informative signals
Displacement
allows us to talk about things and places
Arbitrariness
the relationship between linguistic signs and objects in the world
Productivity
creating new expressions and novel utterances by manipulating their linguistic resources to describe new objects and situations
Annotations:
fixed reference: The communication systems of other creatures do not appear to have this type of flexibility
Cultural transmission
we do not inherit their language
Annotations:
We acquire a language in a culture with other speakers and not from parental genes
is crucial in the human acquisition process
Duality
Annotations:
Among other creatures, each communicative signal appears to be a single fixed form that cannot be broken down into separate parts
Distinct sounds
Distinct meanings
Talking to animals
Annotations:
I want to join all these concepts to "controversy"
Chimpanzees and language
Washoe
Sarah and Lana
Kanzi
Design features
vocal-auditory channel
specialization
non-directionality
rapid fade
reciprocity
prevarication
language signals can be false or used to lie or deceive
any sender of a language signal can also be a receiver
language signals have no inherent direction and can be picked up by anyone within hearing
language signals do not serve any other type of purpose such as breathing or feeding
language signals are sent using the vocal organs and received by the ears
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