Types of materials

Types of materials

1. Non-ferrous materials

   • They are those materials that do not come from iron and have a wide variety of applications. In general, non-ferrous metals are soft and have little mechanical resistance, to improve their properties they are alloyed with other metals.
     • Light ferrous materials
       • DIsadvantages
         • They are very little resistant
       • Advantage
         • They are of great malleability. They are very resistant to oxidation.
     • Heavy ferrous materials
       • DIsadvantages
         • The energy consumed in the production and refining process is too high, because they consume a lot of electrical energy.
       • Advantage
         • Resistant and easy to work with. They have a relatively low melting point.

2. Ceramic materials

   • A ceramic material is one made up of metallic or non-metallic inorganic solids that has been manufactured by heat treatment.
     • Traditional ceramic materials
       • Traditional ceramic materials are made up of three basic components: clay, silica (flint) and feldspar.
     • Modern ceramic materials
       • Advanced ceramic materials are made from artificial raw materials that have undergone significant chemical processing to achieve high purity and improved physical characteristics
     • Nomenclature

3. Compounds materials

   • In the field of science, a substance made with the chemical union of two or more different elements. Examples of compounds include water (H20), which is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen, and table salt (NaCl), composed of the elements sodium and chloride.
     • Organic compounds
       • Referring to those with the presence of carbon bonded with molecules of hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron and certain halogens;
     • Inorganic compounds
       • Which refer to the entire universe of chemical compounds that do not include carbon molecules.
     • Nomenclature
       • Chemical nomenclature is a system of rules that allows the name of the different chemical compounds according to the type and number of elements that compose them. Nomenclature makes it possible to identify, classify and organize chemical compounds.
     • Molecular structure of compounds
       • The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphical representation of the molecular structure, showing how atoms are spatially ordered or distributed.

4. Polymer materials

   • A polymer are large macromolecules made up of the union of smaller molecules called monomers.
     • Monomer
       • It is a molecule of low molecular mass that is linked to other monomers by means of generally covalent chemical bonds, forming a macromolecules called polymers.
         • Structure
           • They are organic molecules fundamentally formed by atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, between which bonds or covalent bonds are established that allow the splitting of the carbon double bond to unite 2 identical molecules
     • Oligomers
       • It is a molecule made up of several similar structural units linked in moderate quantity. if there are 2 linked units, the set is a money, if there are 3 it is a trimer
     • Macromolecules
       • It is a molecule commonly created through the polymerization of smaller subunits made up of thousands of atoms, they can be organic or inorganic.
     • Molecular mass
       • Whose symbol is MF is a magnitude that indicates how many times the mass of a molecule of a substance is greater than the atomic mass unit. Its numerical value coincides with that of the molar mass
   • structure
     • The molecular structure of polymers can be classified as linear branched or cross-linked, the differences between each type correspond to differences in conformation, one more criterion to classify polymers.

5. Ferrous materials

   • The ferrous materials are those metals whose major component is iron. That is, a ferrous material can be pure iron or an alloy of iron with other metals.
     • Characteristics of ferrous materials
       • They have high densities and high melting points
         • In general, ferrous materials have quite high melting points, above 1,000 ° C.
       • They have good mechanical resistance
         • Most ferrous materials have the ability to withstand large forces without breaking, which is called mechanical strength.
       • They are malleable
         • This means that ferrous materials can be crushed and deformed into thin sheets without breaking.
       • They are good conductors of heat and electricity
         • These are common properties in all metals. Being metals or alloys of different metals, ferrous materials are good electrical and thermal conductors.

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