Brain

Brain

Characteristics
1. 1.5 kg or 3 pounds
2. Represent 2% of body weight
3. Consist of approximately 75% water, 10% fat and 8% protein
4. Consist of about 100 billion neurons
5. consume 20% of total body oxygen
6. Utilizes 20% of body’s energy
Brain structure
1. Function
  1. Cerebral Cortex
    1. Temporal lobes
      1. Auditory perception
      2. Memory acquisition
      3. Emotional responses
      4. Language and speech production
      5. Movement
    2. Occipital lobes
      1. Visual information
    3. Parietal lobes
      1. Reasoning
      2. Intellect
      3. Sensory information processing
      4. Memory acquisition
    4. Frontal lobes
      1. Forward and critical thinking
      2. Reasoning
      3. Memory acquisition
      4. Movement
  2. Reptilian Brain
    1. Brain Stem
      1. Controls life supporting functions of the nervous system
      2. Sense of balance (Vestibular function)
      3. Sensory alertness
    2. Cerebellum
      1. Control motor movement coordination
      2. Some memory acquisition for reflex motor acts
      3. Sensory representation
      4. Balance and equilibrium
      5. Muscle tone
  3. Limbic System
    1. Amygdala
      1. Hormonal secretions
      2. Emotional responses
      3. Memory
    2. Hypothalamus
      1. Maintains homeostasis
      2. Maintain autonomic functions of the peripheral nervous system
      3. Food and water intake regulation
      4. Sleep-wake cycle regulation
    3. Hippocampus
      1. Send and retrieves memory from long-term storage in the cerebral hemisphere
      2. Indexes
    4. Olfactory Cortex
      1. Identification of odors
    5. Thalamus
      1. Relays sensory signals to and from the spinal cord and the cerebrum
Brain Theory
1. Function
  1. Right Brain-Left Brain Theory
    1. Left Hemisphere
      1. Controls the right side of the body
    2. Right Hemisphere
      1. Controls the left side of the body
  2. Brain Waves Theory
    1. Beta, β
      1. Problem solving
      2. Decision making
      3. Analysis
      4. Judgment
    2. Alpha, α
      1. Problem solving
      2. Decision making
      3. Learning
    3. Theta wave, θ
      1. Memory
      2. Learning
    4. Delta wave, ẟ
      1. Healing
      2. Regeneration
  3. The Triune Brain Theory
    1. Reptilian complex
      1. Controls the body’s vital functions
      2. Reliable but tend to be rigid and compulsive
    2. Neocortex
      1. Abstract thought imagination
      2. Flexible
      3. Consciousness
      4. Infinite learning capabilities
      5. Development of human language
    3. Limbic System
      1. Value the judgment made
      2. Unconsciousness
      3. Influence the behavior
      4. Responsible for emotions
  4. Herman Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI)
    1. enables individuals to understand their own thinking style preferences
2. Characteristic
  1. Herman Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI)
    1. Quadrant A : Logic
      1. Logical
      2. Analytical
      3. Fact-based
      4. Quantitative
    2. Quadrant B : Organized
      1. Organized
      2. Sequential
      3. Planned
      4. Detailed
    3. Quadrant C : Sensitive
      1. Interpersonal
      2. Feeling based
      3. Kinesthetic
      4. Emotional
    4. Quadrant D : Holistic
      1. Holistic
      2. Intuitive
      3. Intergrating
      4. Synthesising
Learning Process
1. Emotional effect on memory
  1. Sensory information
    1. Characteristic
      1. Positive
        Thinking and learning are enhanced.
        The information will enter the cortex.
      2. Negative
        Thinking and learning are inhibited.
        The information will not enter the cortex.
  2. Brain areas
    1. Function
      1. Lower Brain (Reactive Brain)
        It reacts to information instinctively
      2. Prefrontal cortex (Thinking Brain)
        It will consciously process and reflect the information (through thinking)
2. Brain and Nervous System
  1. Type of nerves
    1. Function
      1. Motor nerves
        Allow the brain to control our muscles by sending a signals to the motor nerves
      2. Sensory nerve
        Carry signals about the outside world to the brain
  2. Type of nervous system
    1. Characteristic
      1. The Somatic Nervous System
        Actively control like moving our legs and arms
      2. The Autonomic Nervous System
        Works automatically
3. Memory process
  1. Application
    1. Graphic organizer
    2. Mind map

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