Introduction to Earth Science

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Earth Science REGENTS Course
Alice Wong
Mind Map by Alice Wong, updated more than 1 year ago
Alice Wong
Created by Alice Wong about 6 years ago
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Introduction to Earth Science
  1. is the study of our planet, its changing systems, and its place in the universe
    1. Because all of Earth's systems are interconnected, researchers in different branches of earth science generally must work together to answer complex questions.
    2. Geology: the study of the solid Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them
      1. Geologists study Earth processes (landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.), Earth materials (oil, metals, rocks, etc.), and Earth's history (Pangaea, continental drift, fossils, etc.)
        1. It is divided into several branches, including mineralogy, planetary geology, marine geology, seismology, and paleontology
        2. Meteorology: the study of Earth's atmosphere
          1. Meteorology includes the study of weather patterns, clouds, hurricanes, tornadoes, storms, etc.
            1. Using radars and satellites, meteorologists work to predict, or forecast, the weather
            2. Climatology: the study of the climate of Earth's atmosphere
              1. These scientists work to understand the climate as it is now. They also study how climate will change in response to global warming. There are lots of questions to ask about our changing climate.
              2. Environmental Science: study of the interactions between humans and the environment
                1. It is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological and information sciences (including ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, atmospheric science, and geodesy) to the study of the environment
                  1. Environmental scientists study the effects people have on their environment. This includes the landscape, atmosphere, water, and living things. These scientists ask all sorts of questions about how Earth systems are changing as a result of human actions. They try to predict what changes will come in the future. Ecologists study lifeforms and the environments they live in. They try to predict the chain reactions that could occur when one part of the ecosystem is disrupted.
                  2. Astronomy: the study of outer space and the physical bodies beyond Earth
                    1. Astronomers use telescopes to see things far beyond what the human eye can see. Astronomers help to design spacecrafts or satellites that travel into space and send back information about faraway places
                      1. It is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It applies mathematics, physics, and chemistry, in an effort to explain the origin of those objects and phenomena and their evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and comets; the phenomena include supernova explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, all phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere are within the purview of astronomy.
                      2. Oceanography: the study of the oceans
                        1. More than 70% of Earth’s surface is covered with water. Almost all of that water is in the oceans. Scientists have visited the deepest parts of the ocean in submarines. Much of the ocean remains unexplored.
                          1. There are many branches of oceanography. Physical oceanography is the study of water movement, like waves and ocean currents. Physical oceanographers ask when or if a tsunami will hit a shoreline. Marine geologists look at rocks and structures in the ocean basins. These scientists ask how new ocean crust forms. Chemical oceanographers study the natural elements in ocean water. Chemical oceanographers might be concerned with where carbon dioxide goes in the oceans. Marine biologists look at marine life.
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