11838353
Description
Mind Map by BRANDON INGRAM, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by BRANDON INGRAM
over 6 years ago
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SCH4U
- Organic Chemistry
- Types of Solvents
- Esters
- An organic compound
where the hydrogen in
the compound's
carboxyl group is
replaced with a
hydrocarbon group.
- An organic compound
where the hydrogen in
the compound's
carboxyl group is
replaced with a
hydrocarbon group.
- Carboxylic Acids
- Hydrocarbons that
contain a carboxyl group
- Hydrocarbons that
contain a carboxyl group
- Ethers
- Hydroxyl groups that are bound to a saturated cabon
- Hydroxyl groups that are bound to a saturated cabon
- Alcohols
- Amides
- Cabonyl group
bonded to a
nitrogen atom
- Cabonyl group
bonded to a
nitrogen atom
- Alkanes/Alkenes/Alkynes
- Hydrocarbons that contain
single/double/triple bonds
- Hydrocarbons that contain
single/double/triple bonds
- Esters
- Physical Properties
- Intermolecular Forces
- London Forces
- Weak forces that create temporary dipoles
- Weak forces that create temporary dipoles
- Dipole Dipole
- Attraction between the negative
end of a polar molecule and the
positive end of another
- Attraction between the negative
end of a polar molecule and the
positive end of another
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Weak attractive force
between a proton and an
electronegative adjacent
atom
- Weak attractive force
between a proton and an
electronegative adjacent
atom
- Polar
- Non Uniform postive and negative charged ends
- Non Uniform postive and negative charged ends
- Non Polar
- Symetrical
- Symetrical
- London Forces
- Boiling Point
- The point at which a liquid turns to a gas
- The point at which a liquid turns to a gas
- Melting Point
- The point at which a solid turns into a liquid
- The point at which a solid turns into a liquid
- Intermolecular Forces
- Reactions
- Oxidation
- A process by which a carbon
atom gains bonds to more
electronegative elements.
- A process by which a carbon
atom gains bonds to more
electronegative elements.
- Addition
- Two smaller molecules are
combined by means of
addition.
- Two smaller molecules are
combined by means of
addition.
- Condensation
- A reaction in which molecules are
added to the main molecule,
resulting in a new molecule and
water.
- A reaction in which molecules are
added to the main molecule,
resulting in a new molecule and
water.
- Substitution
- A chemical reaction during which one
functional group in a chemical compound is
replaced by another functional group.
- A chemical reaction during which one
functional group in a chemical compound is
replaced by another functional group.
- Dehydration
- Oxidation
- Bonds
- Structural Isomers
- Chemical formulas that
can be drawn in a
variety of structures
- Chemical formulas that
can be drawn in a
variety of structures
- Fundamental Groups
- Structural units that are defined by
specific bonding arrangements
between specific atoms.
- Structural units that are defined by
specific bonding arrangements
between specific atoms.
- Nomenclature
- Polymers
- Addition Polymers
- Condensation Polymers
- Addition Polymers
- Types of Solvents
- Electrochemistry
- Lewis Structures
- Central Atoms
- The atom that the structure is based around
- The atom that the structure is based around
- Electrons
- A particle with a negative charge in an atom
- A particle with a negative charge in an atom
- Electronegativity
- Formal Charge
- Charge assigned to an atom, based on electronegativity
- Charge assigned to an atom, based on electronegativity
- Octet Rule
- All main-group atoms should
have 8 electrons in their
valance shell
- All main-group atoms should
have 8 electrons in their
valance shell
- Bonds
- Central Atoms
- Galvanic Cells
- Reactions
- Solutions
- Voltage
- Electron Potential
- The measure of the
potential difference
between two half
cells in an
electrochemical cell
- The measure of the
potential difference
between two half
cells in an
electrochemical cell
- Half Reactions
- Salt Bridges
- A tube containing
an electrolyte,
providing electrical
contact between
two solutions
- A tube containing
an electrolyte,
providing electrical
contact between
two solutions
- Spontaneous Reactions
- Reactions that occur
without any outside forces
- Reactions that occur
without any outside forces
- Reactions
- Electrolytic Cells
- Electrical Currents
- Non-Spontaneous
Reactions
- Electrical Currents
- Redox
- Half Reactions
- Shows either reduction OR
oxidation, but not both.
- Shows either reduction OR
oxidation, but not both.
- Balancing
- Acidic
- Add H2O
and H+ to
Balance
- Add H2O
and H+ to
Balance
- Basic
- Add OH to both sides to balance
- Add OH to both sides to balance
- Acidic
- Oxidation
- Anode
- Loss of Electrons
- Strongest
Oxidation Agent
- A substance that has the
ability to oxidize other
substances
- A substance that has the
ability to oxidize other
substances
- Anode
- Reduction
- Gain of Electrons
- Cathode
- Strongest
Reduction Agent
- A substance that has
the ability to reduce
other substances
- A substance that has
the ability to reduce
other substances
- Gain of Electrons
- Electrochemical
Reactions
- Spontaneous Reactions
- Galvanic Cells
- Derives electrical energy
from spontaneous redox
reactions within the cell
- Derives electrical energy
from spontaneous redox
reactions within the cell
- Batteries
- Galvanic Cells
- Non-Spontaneous
Reactions
- Electrolytic Cells
- A cell that needs an
electrical current for
a reaction to occur
- A cell that needs an
electrical current for
a reaction to occur
- Electrolytic Cells
- Spontaneous Reactions
- Half Reactions
- Oxidation Numbers
- Represents
the number
of electrons
lost or gained
by an atom
- Represents
the number
of electrons
lost or gained
by an atom
- Lewis Structures
- Structures and Properties
- Solids
- Ionic
- Ion (Cation + Anion)
- Ionic Bonds
- Bonds formed
from atoms of
opposite
charges
- Bonds formed
from atoms of
opposite
charges
- Ionic Bonds
Break to Melt
- Less Strong
- Ion (Cation + Anion)
- Molecular
- Molecules
- Intermolecular
Forces
- Least Strong
- Molecules
- Covalent Networks
- Atoms
- Covalent Bonds
- Pi
- Two loves overlap
with two lobes of
another atom
- Two loves overlap
with two lobes of
another atom
- Sigma
- Head-on overlapping
between atomic
orbitals.
- Head-on overlapping
between atomic
orbitals.
- Pi
- Lots of Energy Needed
to Break Bonds
- Very Hard
- Atoms
- Metallic
- Metallic Bonds
- No Direction
- No Direction
- Not Super Strong
- Metallic Bonds
- Ionic
- Atomic Properties
- Electron Configuration
- "Bus Seat" Principle
- Orbitals of the
same energy are
each filled with
one electron
before filling any
with a second.
- Orbitals of the
same energy are
each filled with
one electron
before filling any
with a second.
- Orbitals
- Patterns of
electron density
that may be
formed in an
atom or
molecule by one
or more
electrons
- Patterns of
electron density
that may be
formed in an
atom or
molecule by one
or more
electrons
- "Bus Seat" Principle
- Attraction/Repel
- Ferra/Para/Dia
- Magnetism
- Based on the
number of
electrons in the
valence layer
- Based on the
number of
electrons in the
valence layer
- Magnetism
- Ending Levels
- S Orbitals
- P Orbitals
- D Orbitals
- F Orbitals
- S Orbitals
- Ferra/Para/Dia
- Valence Bond Theory
- Sigma and Pi Bonds
- Electron Density
- Atom
- Lone Pair
- Atom
- Sigma and Pi Bonds
- Electron Configuration
- Lewis Structures
- Hybridization
- AXE
- Orbital Geometry
- Molecular Geometry
- Intermolecular Forces
- Intermolecular Forces
- Molecular Geometry
- Mixing atomic
orbitals into new
hybrid orbitals
- AXE
- Hybridization
- Solids
- Rates and Energy
- Rate Laws
- Equation that links the
reaction rate with the
concentrations or pressures
of the reactants and
constant parameters.
- Equation that links the
reaction rate with the
concentrations or pressures
of the reactants and
constant parameters.
- Hess' Law
- Hess's law states that the change of enthalpy in a
chemical reaction is independent of the pathway
between the initial and final states.
- Hess's law states that the change of enthalpy in a
chemical reaction is independent of the pathway
between the initial and final states.
- Le Chatliers Principle
- A principle stating that if a constraint is applied to a
system in equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift so as to
tend to counteract the effect of the constraint.
- A principle stating that if a constraint is applied to a
system in equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift so as to
tend to counteract the effect of the constraint.
- Enthalpies
- Heat Content of a System
- Endothermic
- Absorption of heat
in a chemical
process
- Absorption of heat
in a chemical
process
- Exothermic
- Release
of heat in
a
chemical
process
- Release
of heat in
a
chemical
process
- Entahlipies of Formation
- Change in enthalpy when
one mole of a substance in
the standard state is
formed from its pure
elements under the same
conditions
- Change in enthalpy when
one mole of a substance in
the standard state is
formed from its pure
elements under the same
conditions
- Heat Content of a System
- pH
- Measure of the concentration of H30 or H+ in a substance
- Measure of the concentration of H30 or H+ in a substance
- pOH
- Measure of the concentration of OH- in a substance
- Measure of the concentration of OH- in a substance
- Acids and Bases
- Titration
- Process to find an unknown
concentration of a substance
from another solution of
known concentration
- Process to find an unknown
concentration of a substance
from another solution of
known concentration
- Bond Energy
- Measure of bond strength in a chemical bond
- Measure of bond strength in a chemical bond
- Reaction Mechanisms
- The step by step sequence
of elementary reactions by
which overall chemical
change occurs.
- The step by step sequence
of elementary reactions by
which overall chemical
change occurs.
- Dissolving Process
- Process by
which these
original states
become solutes
- Process by
which these
original states
become solutes
- Thermochemistry
- The branch of chemistry concerned
with the quantities of heat evolved
or absorbed during chemical
reactions.
- The branch of chemistry concerned
with the quantities of heat evolved
or absorbed during chemical
reactions.
- Rate Laws
- Equilibrium
- Ksp
- Equlibrium Constants
- ICE Tavles
- Bronsteds Lowry Acids and Bases
- Acid
- Base
- Acid
- Titration Curves
- Auto Ioniation of water
- Indicators
- Reversible Reactions
- Dynamic Equilibrium
- Ksp
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