Methods of Guidance

Visual
1. Demonstration of required task
2. Aims to create mental image for performers
3. Can be given by coach ot another player
4. Can be given by using media formats
5. If demo given by fellow player, it should be within capabilities fo performers
6. Demo should be repeated and allow performers to practice
7. Demo should be shown from different angles
8. Key points of skill should be highlighted and reinforcement should be used to encourage retention of the skill in the memory
9. Advantages
  1. Can be used to highlight specific weaknesses
    1. Tries to show what the skill looks like as a result of practice
      1. Creates a mental image
        Nearly always used in combo with verbal guidance
10. Disadvantages
  1. Demo must be completely accurate
    1. If too much information is given, performer may become confused
      1. Needs to be steady and slow
Verbal
1. An explanation of the task
2. Helps build correct mental image
3. Can also be used by an experienced player when technical and detailed advice can be given to complement the actions in practice
4. Can be used to explain aspects of conditioning or fitness, perhaps when a more physical type of session is planned and the coach may only need to describe and explain the content of the session without the need for a visual demonstration
5. Problems and considerations
  1. If too much information given, may cause confusion
  2. Performer may lose concentration unless verbal info is brief
  3. Language used by the coach should be understandable
    1. A beginner may not recognise technical terms that would be understood by an expert
  4. Verbal guidance is a means of giving feedback so the coach should ensure that the correct type of feedback is used for the performer
Manual
1. Involves physical support
  1. E.g. holding a gymnast on a vault or during a headstand
2. Can involve a type of forced response e.g. when a coach holds the arm of a tennis player to help them learn the movement of a forehand
3. Advantages
  1. Eliminates danger
    1. Helps build confidence
      1. Fear and anxiety associated with dangerous tasks reduced
4. Disadvantages
  1. Can have detrimental effect is over-used
    1. Over-reliance on physical support could begin to interfere with feel of task
      1. Performer may depend on the support too much and be unable to do the task without physical help
        Being in close proximity to performer may be off-putting
Mechanical
1. A device used to help performance
  1. E.g. armbands in swimming, harness on trampoline
2. Advantages
  1. Builds confidence
    1. Eliminates danger
      1. Gives an early feel for whole skill
        Can be used with disabled/injured athletes
3. Disadvantages
  1. If used for too much time, can interfere with feel of task
    1. Might depend on it too much
      1. If performer doesn't feel they are performing independently, incorrect intrinsic feedback could be given and motivation could be lost

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Methods of Guidance

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	Created by Wesley Spearman over 6 years ago