HEARTBURN

Diagnosed with
1. GERD
  1. Risk Factors
    1. Alcohol
      1. Tobacco
        Obesity
        pregnancy
        Fat-rich Diet
        Caffeine
        Hiatal hernia
  2. Complications
    1. Esophageal bleeding
      1. Esophageal stricture
        Respiratory problems
        Esophageal cancer
        Tooth decay
        Sleep apnea
        Esophagitis
        Barret's Esophagus
        Treatment
        defined as
        columnar lined oesophagus, is an acquired condition that results from chronic gastro-esophageal refulx
  3. Diagnosis
    1. Manometry
    2. Endoscopy
      1. contraindications
        Complications
        Bleeding
        infection
        Tearing of GI
        Poor patient cooperation
        Coma (unless Pt. is intubated)
        Cardiac arrhythmias
        Recent myocardial ischemia
    3. 24-Hour PH Monitor
      1. Indications
        1) Negative results from the endoscopy for GERD
        2) monitor effectiveness of surgical intervention
        3) assessing patients with refractory symptoms
      2. Complications
        Patients discomfort
        Sore throat
        Chest discomfort
        Electrode displacement
        Equipment failure
  4. May be caused by
    1. H. Pylori Infections
      1. Diagnosis
      2. Treatment
      3. RF
        living in crowded conditions without clean water, in a developing country, with someone who has H.Pylori infections
      4. Complications
        Ulcers
        Chronic Gastritis (B)
        Gastric Adenocarcinoma
        MALT lymphoma
      5. S&S
        Usually asymptomatic
        Abdominal Pain
        Nausea
        loss of appetite
        frequent burping
        Bloating
        Unintentional weight loss
  5. Treatment
    1. Non-Pharmacological
      1. Change in sleep position
        Change in eating habits
        Cessation of smoking
        Cessation of alcohol
    2. pharmacological
      1. H2 antagonists
        Proton pump inhibitor
        Antacids
        Pro-kinetic agent
  6. Signs & symptoms
    1. Heart burn (after eating)
      1. Chest pain
        Difficulty swallowing
        Regurgitation food
        Sensation of a lump in throat
        Nighttime acid reflux
        Chronic tough
        Laryngitis
        New or worsening asthma
        Disrupted sleep
Complained of
1. Dysphagia
  1. Vs.
    1. Normal swallowing
      1. Accompanied by
        Gastric acid secretions
        Mechanism
      2. Phases:
        Voluntary phase
        Pharyngeal phase
        Esophageal phase
  2. caused by
    1. Esophageal
    3. Oropharyngeal
      1. caused by
  3. Normal
    1. Anatomy
      1. Esophagus
      2. Stomach
    2. Histology
      1. Esophagus
      2. Stomach
2. Chest Discomfort
  1. GI causes
    1. GERD
      1. Esophageal Motility Disorders
        Esophageal Tear
        Gas Bloating
    2. Hiatal Hernia
      1. Peptic Ulcer
        Pancreatitis
        Common Bile Duct Obstruction

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HEARTBURN

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	Created by Menna Emam about 6 years ago