Use
crystalloids at
10ml/kg/hr to
cover losses
under normal
conditions!
1. Weigh swabs
1ml of blood = 1g in weight
Deduct weight of
dry swab to those
covered in blood
2. Suction bottle contents
Volume of suction bottle (mls) - volume of flush (mls) = volume of blood (mls)
3. Other losses - drapes, on floor...etc.
Haemorrhage comes
vasoconstriction. Need
FLUID THERAPY!
Less than 10% = crystalloids
10-20% = colloids
Over 20%
= blood
products!
Blood loss (%) = [total blood loss (mls) / normal blood volume (mls)] x 100
HYPOTENSION
This is LOW blood
pressure (very
common) due to
anaesthetic drugs on
cardiovascular
system to decrease
output and cause
vasoconstriction +
potential for blood
and fluid loss!
Signs: poor palpable
pulse quality, tachycardia
(compensatory measure).
Can only be identified by
measuring BP!
Causes: deep anaesthetic, blood loss,
inappropriate tachycardia/bradycardia!
Tx: Depends on
underlying cause, adjust
anaesthesia depth if
necessary, stop
haemorrhage (vets job), IV
fluid infusion!
ARRYTHMIAS
Irregularities of the heart rhythm
that may reduce cardiac output and
cause hypotension!
If left untreated
some arrhythmias
can deteriorate
into more
dangerous forms
associated with
cardiac arrest e.g.
ventricular
fibrillation
Causes: deep anaesthetic,
electrolyte/blood gas
abnormalities, pre-existing
heart conditions, some
medical conditions e.g.
GDV
Tx: depends on underlying cause,
diagnosis with ECG and the use of
anti-arrhythmic drugs. Adjust
anaesthetic and providing
ventilation can restore a normal
rhythm!