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Diuretics

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Mind Map on Diuretics, created by Lorraine Soles on 09/11/2014.
Lorraine Soles
Mind Map by Lorraine Soles, updated more than 1 year ago
Lorraine Soles
Created by Lorraine Soles over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Diuretics
  1. High Celling (LOOP)
    1. Furosemide
      1. Lasix
        1. Most Frequently Perscribed
          1. Ascending loop of Henle
            1. Blocks Reabsorption
              1. Rapid onset
              2. Therapeutic uses
                1. Pulmonary edema (pink, frothy sputum)
                  1. Edematous states
                    1. Hypertension
                    2. ADVERSE EFFECTS
                      1. Hyponatremia
                        1. Hypochloremia
                          1. Dehydration
                            1. Symptoms
                              1. Dry mouth
                                1. Thrist
                                  1. Decreased UOP
                                    1. Weight Loss
                                  2. DRUG INTERACTIONS
                                    1. Digoxin (Heart arrhythmias)
                                      1. Ototoxic drugs
                                        1. Potassium-sparing diuretics
                                          1. Lithium
                                            1. Antihypertensive agents (become less affective)
                                              1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (increase effect)
                                        2. Thiazide
                                          1. benzothiadiazides
                                            1. Hydrochlorothiazide (similar to loop)
                                              1. early segment distal convoluted tubule
                                                1. Peaks in 4–6 hours
                                              2. Therapeautic Uses
                                                1. Hypertension
                                                  1. Edema
                                                    1. Diabetes insipidus
                                                    2. Adverse Effects
                                                      1. Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and dehydration
                                                        1. Hypokalemia
                                                          1. Use in pregnancy and lactation
                                                            1. Enters breast milk
                                                              1. Hyperglycemia
                                                                1. Hyperuricemia
                                                              2. Impact on lipids, calcium, and magnesium
                                                              3. DRUG INTERACTIONS
                                                                1. Digoxin
                                                                  1. Augments effects of hypertensive medications
                                                                    1. Can reduce renal excretion of lithium (leading to accumulation)
                                                                      1. Diuretics may blunt NSAIDs effect
                                                                    2. Osmotic
                                                                      1. mannitol
                                                                      2. Potassium-sparing
                                                                        1. Aldosterone antagonists
                                                                          1. spironolactone
                                                                            1. Aldactone
                                                                              1. Blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron
                                                                                1. Retention of potassium
                                                                                  1. Rapid excretion of sodium
                                                                                  2. Therapeautic Uses
                                                                                    1. Hypertension
                                                                                      1. Edematous states
                                                                                        1. Heart failure
                                                                                          1. Primary hyperaldosteronism
                                                                                            1. Premenstrual syndrome
                                                                                              1. Polycystic ovary syndrome
                                                                                                1. Acne in young women
                                                                                                2. Adverse effects
                                                                                                  1. Hyperkalemia
                                                                                                    1. Benign and malignant tumors
                                                                                                      1. Endocrine effects
                                                                                                      2. Drug interactions
                                                                                                        1. Thiazide and loop diuretics
                                                                                                          1. Agents that raise potassium levels
                                                                                                            1. Potassium supplements, salt supplements
                                                                                                              1. medications that elevate potassium
                                                                                                        2. Nonaldosterone antagonists
                                                                                                          1. triamterene
                                                                                                            1. Dyrenium
                                                                                                              1. Disrupts sodium-potassium exchange in the distal nephron
                                                                                                                1. Decreases sodium reuptake
                                                                                                                  1. Inhibits ion transport
                                                                                                                  2. Therapeutic uses
                                                                                                                    1. Hypertension
                                                                                                                      1. Edema
                                                                                                                      2. Adverse effects
                                                                                                                        1. Hyperkalemia
                                                                                                                          1. Leg cramps
                                                                                                                            1. Nausea
                                                                                                                              1. Vomiting
                                                                                                                                1. Dizziness
                                                                                                                                  1. Blood dyscrasias (rare)
                                                                                                                              2. Amiloride
                                                                                                                                1. Midamor
                                                                                                                                  1. Blocks sodium-potassium exchange in the distal nephron
                                                                                                                                    1. Therapeautic Effects
                                                                                                                                      1. counteract potassium loss caused by more powerful diuretics
                                                                                                                                      2. ADVERSE EFFECTS
                                                                                                                                        1. Hyperkalemia
                                                                                                                                        2. DRUG INTERACTION
                                                                                                                                          1. ACE inhibitors
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