Climate

Attachments:

• GCSE Geography 9-1 Edexcel B Homepage

1. Atmospheric Circulation
   1. Cells
      1. Hadley
      2. Ferrel
      3. Polar
   2. Ocean Currents
      1. Circulate heat through the ocean
      2. ICTZ=International Tropical Convergence Zone
   3. Pressure
      1. Cool air sinks and creates high pressure with little precipitation
      2. Hot air rises creating low pressure and lots of precipitation
2. Past Climate Change
   1. Natural Causes
      1. Volcanic Eruptions and Asteroid Collisions release large clouds of ash, cooling the Earth's surface
      2. Sunspots are areas of the sun with particularly high Solar Output that heat areas of the Earth more when they are exposed
      3. Variations in the Earth's Orbit cause the sun to be at different distances from the Earth which affects the heat incident on the Earth
   2. Evidence
      1. Ice Cores
         1. Extracted by drilling into thick layered sheets of ice
         2. Bubbles of gas when analysed reveal what the atmosphere was like millions of years ago
      2. Tree Rings
         1. Analysing Tree Stumps
         2. The thicker the ring, the more moisture it was exposed to
      3. Historical Evidence
         1. Photographs
         2. Diaries
         3. Letters
3. Future Climate Change
   1. Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
      1. Industry
      2. Transport
      3. Energy
      4. Farming
   2. Evidence
      1. Sea level rise and warming oceans
      2. Temperature rise
      3. Declining arctic Ice
      4. Increased extreme weather events
   3. Projections are varied due to uncertainty of action to be taken to reduce climate change