Symbolic Interactionism/Labelling

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Mind Map on Symbolic Interactionism/Labelling, created by Sarah Mather on 06/10/2013.
Sarah Mather
Mind Map by Sarah Mather, updated more than 1 year ago
Sarah Mather
Created by Sarah Mather almost 12 years ago
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Symbolic Interactionism/Labelling
  1. The Symbol
    1. The symbol is the meaning
      1. Many symbols = collective/shared
      2. The Self
        1. The Ways in which we view ourselves
          1. Cooley (1992) calls this the Look in Glass Self
            1. We put ourselves in the shoes of others which is first experienced via role play as a child. Mead argues that to function as members of society, we need the ability to see ourselves as others see us. Also how the reactions
            2. Interaction
              1. Putting the symbol and self together.
                1. Each person must learn the viewpoint and reactons of others.
                2. Goffmann (1969) - Dramaturgy and the Presentation of the self
                  1. sociial action is arguably a dramaturgical performance and as social actors, we are constantly altering our behaviour inorder to manipulate how others see us.
                    1. This is called impression management. To illustrate, our preferred self are perceived to others whilst our less favourable self can be concealed. Roles are losely scripted. As social actors, one may use language, tone, facial expressions etc to essentially 'fake it'. Therefore, like a theatre, social life is a front and back stage.
                      1. This can be exemplified in the family with the notion of 'tension' management.
                    2. Labelling Theory
                      1. Theoretically based on symbolic interactionism
                        1. Attaches certain meanings to different social groups. These may be positive or negative. A key theorist = Becker
                          1. Example = crime and the development of a master status, therefore a self fulfilling prophecy. Can also be illustrated in education e.g. Ray Rist (1977) - Clowns and the Cardinals used Participant Observation
                        2. Evaluation
                          1. Strengths
                            1. Studies the social action of individuals, explain interaction and points neglected by structural theories
                            2. Weaknesses
                              1. Vague at explainign human behaviour, too subjective, ignores power (marxism), too micro therefore lacks representativeness, not generalisable, does not explian the origin of meanings/labels, feminists argue it neglects the experience of women, it ignores wider structural causes of social issues.
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