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Bladder cancer

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Mind Map on Bladder cancer, created by fatima alkhateeb on 08/04/2018.
fatima alkhateeb
Mind Map by fatima alkhateeb, updated more than 1 year ago
fatima alkhateeb
Created by fatima alkhateeb about 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Bladder cancer
  1. The color of urine always gives an indication!
    1. Types
      1. Benign
        1. Papilloma
          1. Leiomyoma
        2. Malignant
          1. TCC
            1. SCC
              1. Adenocarcinoma
                1. Rhabdomyosarcoma
        3. Signs and symptoms
          1. Frequency
            1. Painless hematuria
              1. Dysuria
          2. Risk factors
            1. Smoking
              1. Azo dyes
                1. History of bladder infections
                  1. Catheters
                    1. Family history of bladder cancer
              2. Schistosomiasis
                1. parasite infection by Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. mekongi, S. intercalatum and S. haematobium.
                  1. Transmission
                    1. fresh water containing larval forms (cercariae) of schistosomes, which develop in snails. Larvae penetrate the skin of individuals swimming or wading in water. Snails become infected as a result of excretion of eggs in human urine or faeces.
                    2. Symptoms
                      1. mansoni,, mekongi and japonicum causing hepatic and intestinal signs
                        1. Haematobium causing urinary dysfunction.
                    3. Investigations
                      1. Cytoscopy
                        1. Imaging
                          1. KUB X-ray
                            1. IVP
                              1. Retrograde pylogram
                              2. Urine cytology
                                1. Biopsy
                                  1. Urinalysis
                                    1. Culture sensitivity test
                                    2. Affects the urinary bladder
                                      1. Anatomy of urinary bladder
                                        1. Blood supply
                                          1. Superior vesical
                                            1. Middle vesical
                                              1. Inferior vesical
                                              2. Picture
                                              3. Histology of urinary bladder
                                                1. Layers
                                                  1. Transitional epithelium
                                                    1. Lamina propria
                                                      1. Detrusor
                                                        1. Adventetia (with fat cells)
                                                  2. Urothelium
                                                    1. Distended
                                                      1. Empty
                                                    2. Physiology of renal tubules
                                                      1. Phases of micturition
                                                        1. Filling stage
                                                          1. Micturition reflex (emptying)
                                                    3. Epidemiology
                                                      1. 9th most common malignancy worldwide
                                                        1. Men are more than four times more susceptible to bladder cancer
                                                        2. Treatment and management
                                                          1. Superficial lesions
                                                            1. Endoscopic removal with intra-vesical therapy
                                                            2. Metastatic
                                                              1. Chemotherapy
                                                                1. Cisplatin
                                                                  1. Paclitaxel
                                                                    1. Gemcitabine
                                                                  2. Invasive disease
                                                                    1. Cystectomy with chemotherapy

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