Cognition and Emotion

Components of Emotion
1. Bodily Response
  1. Fight/Flight : Sympathetic ANS vs Parasympathetic ANS ( arousal or not) : Measured by GSR, Heart rate, respiration, cortisol, skin temp and muscletension
2. Behaviour
  1. Observeable but fakeable and affected by cultural norms
3. Feelings
  1. Hard to manipulate/elicit in lab ( ethical concerns ) : can be + or - : correlate with other indicators of emotion :mild emotions used in research
BASIC SET
1. OR DIMENSION
  1. Lang et al - Affect grid based on Valence + Arousal
    1. Good : captures relationship between emotions and explains cultural differences
      1. Bad : Some emotions are combinations across the grid ( nostalgia = sad and happy; thrill seekers rate fear as positive
2. Plutchik - like colour palette ( but no evidence/what's the basic set ?
  1. BIG 5 ANGER FEAR SADNESS, DISGUST, HAPPINESS
    1. EVIDENCE : 6 Pictures -ECKMAN 88 ( recognition ) and '69 (Production): PET = amygdala involved in all emotion. basal ganglia and insula = disgust : Verbal Labels Scherer 86 = 7 basic and modular emotions
      1. Note: there are cross cultural diffs in triggers and acceptable expression of emotion
Functions of Emotions
1. Alter Goals
  1. Oatley + Johnson + Laird '87 evolutionary adaptation ( seeds and tigers)
2. Mobilize physiological resources
  1. fight or flight but what about when less resources are needed (driving). Yerkes and Dodson Law 1908 performance and anxiety graph
3. Communication
  1. Darwin 1872 ( dogs sneering ) we do communicate honesty, deception, politeness
4. Information
  1. Em. feedback helps decision making : Capgrass delusion : DAMASIO 96 playing cards ( emotion affects decisions : Clore and Huntsinger (07) happ recall happy, sad recall sad info: Rainy day and life satisfaction ratings - conscious awareness of rain changes ratings
5. Memory priming, semantic processing, motivation and attention
Emotion affecting Cognition
1. Memory
  1. Mood congruent: Bower et al '81 happy recall happy and VV. Positive bias for normal - reversed for depressed. Mindfulness treatment for depresses ( Segal 2000 ) Mood dependent ( more controversial. encoding and retrieval matches improves recall. ethical probs. hypnosis used. Bower '81 semantic network theory but MDM not robust
  2. Note: state and trait emotion used in testing paradigm
2. Attention
  1. Emotional Stroop Test : slower RTs for depressed because negative terms being processed. Mcleod '86 Dot probe more attention to negative/threat word locations. All findings increased when state and trait coincide
3. Semantic processing
  1. Eysenk et al 87 homophones : Richards and French '92 homographs : normal positive and depressed negative bias
4. Attribution theory
  1. Good = internal, bad = external : depressed more accurate in assessments of life chances and abilities. Is positive bias becoming maladaptive ?
Cognition of emotion 1st ?
1. James and Lange 1890's behaviour precedes emotion// If we stop behaviour, we stop feeling // Le doux 96 startle reflex; emotional diminishment in spine damage
2. Cannon - Bard 1920's : note similarity of physiological responses across emotions and suggest corticol response is key.: sad but no tears : spine damage does not stop all emotion
3. Schacter and Singer '60s Appraisal Theory: body response is important: context and cognition appraisal vital : we can change how we feel by changing how we think (CBT) : Adrenaline studies: Influential but hard to replicate. Note Sherer and subjective utility
Zajone '80 :
1. Cognition NOT needed : mere exposure effect - familiarity primes liking
2. Vs Lazarus '82
  1. Cognition essential : anxiety provoking films with intellectualising/denial soundtracks. Note suggest cognition affects emotion but not that it precedes it !
  2. Le Doux '89 .
    1. Lower subcortical route and cortical route bringing both Zajone and Lazarus positions together

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Cognition and Emotion

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	Created by denesal over 10 years ago