15594586
Description
Mind Map by Jack Stewart, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jack Stewart
over 5 years ago
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Biological Molecules
- Mg2+
- Magnesium is needed for more than 300
biochemical reactions in the body. It helps to
maintain normal nerve and muscle function,
supports a healthy immune system, keeps the
heart beat steady, and helps bones remain
strong.
- It also helps regulate blood glucose
levels and aid in the production of
energy and protein.
- It also helps regulate blood glucose
levels and aid in the production of
energy and protein.
- Magnesium is needed for more than 300
biochemical reactions in the body. It helps to
maintain normal nerve and muscle function,
supports a healthy immune system, keeps the
heart beat steady, and helps bones remain
strong.
- Fe2+
- Iron is an essential element for blood
production. About 70 percent of your
body's iron is found in the red blood
cells of your blood called hemoglobin
and in muscle cells called myoglobin.
- Hemoglobin is essential for transferring oxygen in
your blood from the lungs to the tissues
- Hemoglobin is essential for transferring oxygen in
your blood from the lungs to the tissues
- Iron is an essential element for blood
production. About 70 percent of your
body's iron is found in the red blood
cells of your blood called hemoglobin
and in muscle cells called myoglobin.
- Ca2+
- Your body uses 99 percent
of its calcium to keep your
bones and teeth strong,
thereby supporting
skeletal structure and
function.
- The rest of the calcium in your body plays key
roles in cell signaling, blood clotting, muscle
contraction and nerve function.
- The rest of the calcium in your body plays key
roles in cell signaling, blood clotting, muscle
contraction and nerve function.
- Your body uses 99 percent
of its calcium to keep your
bones and teeth strong,
thereby supporting
skeletal structure and
function.
- (PO4)3-
- The body needs phosphorus to
build and repair bones and
teeth, help nerves function, and
make muscles contract.
- The rest of it is stored
in tissues throughout
the body. The kidneys
help control the
amount of phosphate
in the blood.
- The rest of it is stored
in tissues throughout
the body. The kidneys
help control the
amount of phosphate
in the blood.
- The body needs phosphorus to
build and repair bones and
teeth, help nerves function, and
make muscles contract.
- H2O
- Of the important biological molecules only the
non-polar lipids (fats and oils) and large polymers
(e.g. polysaccharides, large proteins and DNA) do
not dissolve. The water acts as a solvent for
chemical reactions and also helps transport
dissolved compounds into and out of cells.
- The five main properties of water:
Its attraction to polar molecules
High-specific heat High heat of
vaporization The lower density of
ice High polarity
- The five main properties of water:
Its attraction to polar molecules
High-specific heat High heat of
vaporization The lower density of
ice High polarity
- Of the important biological molecules only the
non-polar lipids (fats and oils) and large polymers
(e.g. polysaccharides, large proteins and DNA) do
not dissolve. The water acts as a solvent for
chemical reactions and also helps transport
dissolved compounds into and out of cells.
- Hydrolysis
- Google Definition: The chemical
breakdown of a compound (organic)
due to reaction with water.
- They are characterized by the splitting
of a water molecule into a hydrogen and
a hydroxide group with one or both of
these becoming attached to an organic
starting product.
- They are characterized by the splitting
of a water molecule into a hydrogen and
a hydroxide group with one or both of
these becoming attached to an organic
starting product.
- Google Definition: The chemical
breakdown of a compound (organic)
due to reaction with water.
- Condensation
- Google Definition: The
conversion of a vapour or
gas to a liquid.
- A condensation reaction is a chemical reaction where 2
molecules are joined together by a covalent bond to make a
larger, more complex, molecule, with the loss of a small
molecule.
- A condensation reaction is a chemical reaction where 2
molecules are joined together by a covalent bond to make a
larger, more complex, molecule, with the loss of a small
molecule.
- Google Definition: The
conversion of a vapour or
gas to a liquid.
- Carbyhydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Triose
- A triose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar,
containing three carbon atoms. There are only
three possible trioses (including
Dihydroxyacetone): L-Glyceraldehyde and
D-Glyceraldehyde
- A triose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar,
containing three carbon atoms. There are only
three possible trioses (including
Dihydroxyacetone): L-Glyceraldehyde and
D-Glyceraldehyde
- Pentose
- A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon
atoms. Pentoses are organized into two groups:
Aldopentoses have an aldehyde functional group at
position 1. Ketopentoses have a ketone functional
group at position 2 or 3. In the cell, pentoses have a
higher metabolic stability than hexoses.
- A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon
atoms. Pentoses are organized into two groups:
Aldopentoses have an aldehyde functional group at
position 1. Ketopentoses have a ketone functional
group at position 2 or 3. In the cell, pentoses have a
higher metabolic stability than hexoses.
- Hexose
- In bio-organic chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide
with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula
C6H12O6.
- In bio-organic chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide
with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula
C6H12O6.
- Triose
- Disaccharides
- Sucrose
- Sucrose is common table sugar. It is a disaccharide, a molecule
composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose.
Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is
refined. It has the formula C12H22O11.
- Sucrose is common table sugar. It is a disaccharide, a molecule
composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose.
Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is
refined. It has the formula C12H22O11.
- Lactose
- Lactose is a type of sugar found naturally
in the milk of most mammals. It has the
formula C12H22O11
- Lactose is a type of sugar found naturally
in the milk of most mammals. It has the
formula C12H22O11
- Maltose
- Maltose is a sugar which is found
inside foods that have starch that
breaks down. It has the formula
C12H22O11.
- Maltose is a sugar which is found
inside foods that have starch that
breaks down. It has the formula
C12H22O11.
- Sucrose
- Polysaccharide
- Starch
- Starch or amylum is a polymeric
carbohydrate consisting of a large
number of glucose units joined by
glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide
is produced by most green plants as
energy storage. It has the formula
(C6H10O5)n
- Starch or amylum is a polymeric
carbohydrate consisting of a large
number of glucose units joined by
glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide
is produced by most green plants as
energy storage. It has the formula
(C6H10O5)n
- Cellulose
- Cellulose is an important structural component of the
primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and
the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to
form biofilms. Cellulose is the most abundant organic
polymer on Earth. I has the formula (C6H10O5)n
- Cellulose is an important structural component of the
primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and
the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to
form biofilms. Cellulose is the most abundant organic
polymer on Earth. I has the formula (C6H10O5)n
- Chittin
- Chitin is the main ingredient in the exoskeletons of
arthropods and crustaceans and is also in the cell
walls of fungi. That means everything from beetles,
spiders, and butterflies to lobsters, crabs, and shrimp
have some chitin in their protective armors.
- Chitin is the main ingredient in the exoskeletons of
arthropods and crustaceans and is also in the cell
walls of fungi. That means everything from beetles,
spiders, and butterflies to lobsters, crabs, and shrimp
have some chitin in their protective armors.
- Starch
- Monosaccharides
- Tryglyceride
- Fats
- Saturated and trans fats increase
blood cholesterol and heart attack
rates. Polyunsaturated and
monounsaturated fats lower the risk
of heart attacks. Obesity – many
overweight and obese people have
diets high in fat, particularly
saturated fat.
- LDL HDL
- Fats
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