Hard hearing

Description

Mind Map on Hard hearing, created by Fatima Alkhateeb on 19/11/2018.
Fatima Alkhateeb
Mind Map by Fatima Alkhateeb, updated more than 1 year ago
Fatima Alkhateeb
Created by Fatima Alkhateeb almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Hard hearing
  1. Anatomy
    1. Tympanic membrane
        1. Middle ear
        2. Hearing pathway
          1. Hair cells of the organ of Corti
            1. Bipolar cells of the spiral (cochlear) ganglion
              1. Cochlear nerve (CN VIII)
                1. Cochlear nuclei
                  1. Trapezoid body
                    1. Superior olivary nucleus
                      1. Lateral lemniscus
                        1. Nucleus of the inferior colliculus
                          1. Medial geniculate body
                            1. Auditory radiation
                              1. Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl
          2. Physiology of hearing
            1. Sound collected through external ear
              1. Sound travels through ear canal
                1. Vibrates eardrum
                  1. Vibrates ossicles
                    1. Sound ripples hair cells
                      1. Auditory nerve conducts impulse to brain
              2. Impedance matching
                1. Sound waves converted into pressure waves in fluid
                  1. acoustic impedance of fluid is much greater than that of air
                    1. combination of the tympanic membrane and ossicles act as an impedance matching device in order to transfer the same frequency as the original sound waves
                      1. Done via 2 mechanisms
                        1. Increased force of movement of stapes
                          1. The surface area of TM
              3. Causes of ear discharge
                1. Ear infections
                  1. Foreign body impaction
                    1. Mastoiditis
                  2. Ear examination
                    1. Otoscope
                      1. Tuning fork
                        1. Audiometry
                          1. Rinne's test
                            1. Conductive hearing loss
                            2. Weber's test
                              1. Sensorineural hearing loss
                      2. Otits media
                        1. Symptoms
                          1. Ear pain
                            1. Vertigo
                              1. Tinnitus
                                1. Spinning sensation even though the body is stationary with respect to the surrounding.
                                2. Wax buildup
                                  1. Sore throat
                                    1. Foreign object
                                  2. infection of the middle ear
                                    1. Complications
                                      1. Cholesteatoma
                                        1. destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process
                                          1. Aural polyp
                                            1. growth in the outside (external) ear canal or middle ear. It may be attached to the eardrum (tympanic membrane), or it may grow from the middle ear space.
                                        2. Management
                                          1. Ibuprofen or acetaminophen
                                            1. Antibiotics
                                              1. Amoxicillin
                                                1. Ceftriaxone
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