Excretion: Liver.

Functions of the Liver
1. Synthesis
  1. Triglycerides Plama Proteins Chlosererol
2. Breakdown
  1. Worn out RBC
3. Detoxification
  1. Many Compounds: Alcohol/Drugs/Hydrogn Peroxide
4. Carbohydrate Metabolism
  1. Regulates Blood-Glucose levels
5. Lipid Metabolism
  1. - Lipids used in respiration - Sysnthesis/regulation cholesterol
6. Protein Metabolism
  1. Regulates AA levels via transamination/deamination of excess AAx
7. Storage
  1. Vitamin A/D, Iron
Adaptations of the Liver
1. Many Mitochondria
  1. Production of ATP (aerobic respiration) Ornithine Cycle/Protein Synthesis
2. RER
  1. Synthesises plasma proteins
3. Lipid Droplets
  1. Storage lipids --> ENEGY! (Respiration)
4. Glycogen Granules
  1. Stores glucose / Can release glucose into blood incleasing Blood-Glucose conc.
5. Microvilli
  1. Increase S.A between hepatocytes + blood (E.g: hepatic portal vein)
Detoxification of Ethanol
1. Ethanol Oxidised to Ethanal
  1. Ethanal Oxidised to Ethanoate
    1. Ethanoate Enters Krebs Cycle
      1. Co-Enzyme: Acetyl CoA
      2. Ethanoate binds with Acetyl CoA
    2. Enzyme: Ethanal Dehydrogenase
    3. Co-Enzyme: NAD (Forming Reduced NAD)
  2. Enzyme: Ethanol Dehydrogenase
  3. Co-Enzyme: NAD (Forming Reduced NAD)
2. N.B: NAD --> Reduced NAD = Accepting 2 H atoms.
Formation of Urea
1. The Amino Acid is deaminated (amine group is removed)
  1. Keto Acid enters aerobic prespiration producing ATP OR converted to carbohydrate/lipid
    1. Ammonia combined with Carbon Dioxide forming Urea (Ornithine Cycle.)
      1. Urea transported to kidneys and excreted in urine.
        LESS TOXIC AND LESS SOLUBLE
      2. TOXIC AND SOLUBLE!
1. D - Bile Duct
2. A - Branch of the Hepatic Artery
3. B - Branch of the Hepatic Portal Vein
4. C - Hepatic Vein
1. B - Hepatic Vein
2. C - Hepatic Artery
3. D - Common Hepatic Duct
4. E - Hepatic Portal Vein
5. F - Stomach
6. G - Cystic Duct
7. A - Right Lobe of Liver
8. H - Gall Bladder

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Excretion: Liver.

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	Created by TomBrittain over 9 years ago