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Explain why the First crusade succeeded at Antioch
- What happened?
- The siege of Antioch between Oct 1097 and June 1098 proved the crusaders’ greatest challenge
- the city was besieged, and captured on 2nd june 1098
- victory in the battle of Antioch came on 28th june.
- the city was besieged, and captured on 2nd june 1098
- The siege of Antioch between Oct 1097 and June 1098 proved the crusaders’ greatest challenge
- Why was Antioch so important?
- Antioch was of key significance to the
crusaders
- it was of great religious importance to Christians, second only to Jerusalem
- it was the site of the first Christian church founded by the apostle Peter
- Antioch had been the home of the apostle Luke
- Antioch had been the home of the apostle Luke
- it was the site of the first Christian church founded by the apostle Peter
- The city was also of strategic significance in their rear as they marched south to Jerusalem
- it was of great religious importance to Christians, second only to Jerusalem
- Antioch was of key significance to the
crusaders
- Muslim disunity
- A key reason for the crusaders’ survival was the failure of the muslim world
to unite against them
- The crusaders were able to defeat three separate piecemeal attacks
- Ridwan, Emir of Aleppo was repulsed in Feb. 1098
- Bohemond, although outnumbered defeated the army of Duqaq, the
Emir of Damascus in Dec. 1097
- on 28th June 1098 the crusaders defeated the fragile
coalition led by Kerbogha, Emir of Mosul.
- Ridwan, Emir of Aleppo was repulsed in Feb. 1098
- The crusaders were able to defeat three separate piecemeal attacks
- A key reason for the crusaders’ survival was the failure of the muslim world
to unite against them
- Byzantine help
- the departure of General Tatikios and
his troops in Feb. 1098 ended direct
Byzantine involvement in the crusade
- However, the Byzantine fleet
continued to provide vital supplies
through the port of St Simeon
- However, the Byzantine fleet
continued to provide vital supplies
through the port of St Simeon
- the departure of General Tatikios and
his troops in Feb. 1098 ended direct
Byzantine involvement in the crusade
- Bohemond of Taranto
- Bohemond
emerged at
Antioch as a
key military
commander
- he not only led the crusaders in all three
victories over the Muslims
- he also secured control of the city in june 1098 when he plotted
with Firouz, a renegade Armenian to betray a gate in the city wall
- he also secured control of the city in june 1098 when he plotted
with Firouz, a renegade Armenian to betray a gate in the city wall
- he not only led the crusaders in all three
victories over the Muslims
- Bohemond
emerged at
Antioch as a
key military
commander
- Luck
- The crusaders were lucky the muslims failed
to unite, and also would have been caught
between the city walls and Kergogha’s army if
Firouz had not betrayed his position
- The crusaders were lucky the muslims failed
to unite, and also would have been caught
between the city walls and Kergogha’s army if
Firouz had not betrayed his position
- Religious fervour
- morale was at its lowest point and
a muslim coalition led by the Emir of
Mosul was approaching
- Peter Bartholomew had a
vision of St Andrew revealing
the site of the Holy Lance a
relic which had pierced Christ’s
side during the crucifixion
- the Holy Lance was found in the church of St Peter on the 14th June
- the Lance strengthened resolve and inspired religious fervour which
transformed the morale of the crusaders
- . On 28th led by Bohemond and the
lance the crusaders defeated
Kerbogha’s muslim coalition in battle
- . On 28th led by Bohemond and the
lance the crusaders defeated
Kerbogha’s muslim coalition in battle
- the Lance strengthened resolve and inspired religious fervour which
transformed the morale of the crusaders
- the Holy Lance was found in the church of St Peter on the 14th June
- Peter Bartholomew had a
vision of St Andrew revealing
the site of the Holy Lance a
relic which had pierced Christ’s
side during the crucifixion
- morale was at its lowest point and
a muslim coalition led by the Emir of
Mosul was approaching
- Conclusion
- Military skill was of key importance
- the crusaders’ heavy cavalry won
three key battles against the Turks
between Dec. 1097 and June
1098
- Their battle hardness and cohesion had been acquired during two years of campaigning
- Tom Asbridge argues that
Antioch was won through
desperation and fear as much
as faith
- Their battle hardness and cohesion had been acquired during two years of campaigning
- the crusaders’ heavy cavalry won
three key battles against the Turks
between Dec. 1097 and June
1098
- Military skill was of key importance
- Further reading
- Byrom, pp.41-3
- Byrom, pp.41-3
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