The Restless Earth

Volcanoes
1. Created by the eruption of magma onto the earths surface
2. Different types
  1. Classified by their type of eruption
  2. Shield Volcano
    1. Gentle slope
    2. Fluid lava
    3. Low, wide cone
    4. Constructive plate boundaries
    5. Eruptions are frequent
      1. Eruptions are Gentle
  3. Composite Volcano
    1. Destructive plate boundaries
    2. Alternating layers of lava and ash
    3. Eruptions
      1. High silica content
      2. could be pyroclastic flows
    4. Steep slopes
    5. EYJAFJALLAJOKULL
  4. Super volcanoes
    1. Erupts at least 1000 km³ of material
    2. Forms a depression in the ground
      1. Calderas
    3. Often has a higher ridge around it
    4. Eruptions infrequent
      1. Hundreds of thousands of years apart
    5. YELLOW STONE
Earth's Crust
1. Tectonic Plates
  1. Convection currents move them
    1. In the mantle
    2. Circular currents of heat
  2. Continental plates
  3. Oceanic plates
  4. Plate Boundaries
    1. Conservative plate boundary
      1. Two plates sliding past eachother
        In the same direction. Slightly different angles and speeds
      2. Build up of energy released causes earthquakes
      3. No volcanoes
        Curst isn't destroyed or made. No source of magma.
    2. Destructive plate boundaries
      1. Plates collide
        Any plates
      2. Oceanic and Continental
        Oceanic plate is denser
        It subducts under continental plate
        magma formed as plate melts
        Oceanic Trenches
      3. Continental and Continental
        Pressure displaces sediments
        Fold Mountains
        THE ANDES
    3. Constructive Plate boundaries
      1. Plates move apart
        Occurs under water
      2. Magma erupts to the surface
        It cools to create new land
2. Divided into Tectonic plates
  1. 38 minor
  2. 14 major
Earth Quakes
1. Measuring Earthquakes
  1. Richter Scale
    1. 10 fold increase when the scale increases by 1
      1. Scale 2 earthquakes is 10 times more powerful than a scale 1 earthquake.
  2. Measures the effects of earthquakes
    1. Uses subjective descriptions of the reuslting damage
      1. Scale= I-XII
2. Focus
  1. The point where the earthquake occurs
3. Epicentre
  1. The point at the earth's surface directly above the focus
4. KOBE, JAPAN
  1. MEDC
5. HAITI
  1. LEDC
6. The 3 p's
  1. Prediction
    1. Japan monitor earth tremors
  2. Protection
    1. Building to an appropriate standard
  3. Preparation
    1. Drills, hospitals practicing for major disasters
Tsunami
1. THE BOXING DAY TSUNAMI
2. Primary Effect
  1. Crust shifting
3. Secondary Effect
  1. Displacement of water
4. 800 KPH
  1. Approach the coast unnoticed
5. Near land the slow
  1. Reduce in length
    1. Gain in height

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The Restless Earth

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	Created by Hannah of Death about 9 years ago